biology

1. which steps are needed to find the actual width of a xylem vessel viewed in transverse section
using a x10 objective lens?
1 convert from mm to um by multiplying by 10~°.
2 calibrate the eyepiece graticule using a stage micrometer on a x4 objective lens.
3 measure the width of the xylem vessel using an eyepiece graticule.
4 multiply the number of eyepiece graticule units by the calibration of the eyepiece
graticule.
a 1,2,3and4
b 1and 2 only
c 2,3 and 4 only
d 3and4 only

2 which cell structure is found in human cells and typical plant cells?
a_ 70s ribosomes
b. cilia
c plasmodesmata
d_tonoplast

3 which statements are correct for a typical prokaryotic cell?
1 it contains 70s ribosomes.
2 it contains a cellulose cell wall.
3. it contains circular dna.
4 itis up to 5um in diameter.
a 1,2 and3 b 1,2and4 c 1,3and4 d 2,3and4

4 the diagram shows a typical animal cell.
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what is the function of the membrane system labelled x?
a lipid synthesis only
b_ protein synthesis and transport
c protein synthesis only
d protein transport only

5 what describes a lysosome?

a_ a vesicle containing enzymes, enclosed by a double membrane, that is budded off the
endoplasmic reticulum

ba vesicle containing hydrolytic enzymes and surrounded by a single membrane, found only
in phagocytes

ca vesicle enclosed by a single membrane, containing several different hydrolytic enzymes
that may act inside or outside the cell

da vesicle surrounded by a double membrane, containing enzymes which can hydrolyse
damaged organelles in a cell

6 the diagram shows a triglyceride.
fe) h h h h h h h h h
pe se sa sa ee ee ee |
c—c—c—c—c—c—c—c—c—c—h
ly |i tt dt td dd
h—c—o =h h h h h h h h h
o h h h h h h h h h
ee os oe oe
c—c—c—c—c—c—c—c—c—c—h
y/y | i] tt ttt dod
h—c—o h h h h h h h hh
fe) h h h h h h
\ en ae a es
b—e—c—c—c—c—cy, / lw
y/y | | tt a |
h—c—o h h h h h ys.
| yh f[
a 4
what will be the products after hydrolysis of this triglyceride?
a 1 molecule of glycogen, 3 unsaturated fatty acids and 3 molecules of water
b 1 molecule of glycerol, 2 saturated fatty acids and 1 unsaturated fatty acid
c1 molecule of glycogen, 2 saturated fatty acids and 1 unsaturated fatty acid
d 1 molecule of glycerol, 1 saturated fatty acid, 2 unsaturated fatty acids and 3 molecules of
water

7 which description lists all the components of a human haemoglobin molecule?
a four polypeptides that are all the same and one haem group
b four polypeptides that are not all the same and one haem group
c four polypeptides that are all the same and four haem groups
d four polypeptides that are not all the same and four haem groups

8  hiv-1 protease is an enzyme produced by the hiv virus.
two identical chains of 99 amino acids form the enzyme. in each chain, amino acids 25, 26 and
27 in the sequence form part of the active site.
which orders of protein structure control the shape of the active site?
a primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary
b primary, secondary and tertiary only
c primary and quaternary only
d quaternary only

9 which statements are correct reasons for how animals cool down in hot environments using
latent heat of vaporisation of water?
1 some animals lie down and roll in wet soil.
2 fish move into deeper water.
3 some animals lick their fur to make it wet.
4 some animals breathe quickly with a wet tongue hanging out of their mouth.
a 1,2and3 b 1,2and4 c 1,3and4 d 2,3and4

10 two different enzymes, p and q, are investigated to find the optimum ph for each enzyme. the
results show that p works only in acidic conditions. q has an optimum ph which is slightly
alkaline.

which graph shows the correct results for p and q?
a b
cs e q
rate of it substrate ‘ ‘a
readtint i 1 p concentration \ /
rot at 1 minute sf
0 7 14 0 c 14
ph ph
14 ° 7 b
or
ph 7 p ph p
3a
o+ 0
product concentration rate of reaction
at 1 minute

11 a student investigated the effect of substrate concentration on the rate of an enzyme-catalysed
reaction.
the student plotted the results in a graph.
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0 10 20 30 40 50
substrate concentration /moldm=
what is the kn for this enzyme-catalysed reaction?
a 12moldm®
b 15moldm?s*
c 30moldm?s"
d 50moldm*

12 which statements could be used to describe enzyme molecules and antibody molecules?

1 hydrogen bonds stabilise the structure of the protein and are important for it to
function efficiently.

2 hydrophilic r-groups point in to the centre of the molecule and cause it to curl into a
spherical shape.

3 the tertiary structure of the protein molecule plays an important role in the
functioning of the protein.

a 1,2and3 b 1and2only c 1and3only d = 2and3only

13 which description identifies a reversible, non-competitive enzyme inhibitor?
a_ it can attach to the active site.
b_itcan attach to a site other than the active site.
c_itcan attach to the active site and another site simultaneously.
d_itcan attach to either the active site or another site.

14 before mitochondria are extracted from cells for microscopy, they are usually kept in a
0.25 moldm~ sucrose solution.
why is the sucrose solution used?
a toactasa solvent
b_ to enable the rate of reaction of the mitochondria to be determined
c to prevent the mitochondria from changing in dimension
d_ to provide a source of energy

15 the photomicrograph shows a type of blood cell.
5 0 sf
rh % ay
: ° ¢
ad
"3 0% 0,
which statements about these cells are correct?
1 oxygen diffuses through the phospholipid bilayer.
2 sodium ions diffuse through the phospholipid bilayer.
3 water passes in and out of these cells by osmosis.
a 1,2and3 b jiand2only c 1and3only d 2and3only

16 which row is correct for parts of a phospholipid molecule?
[a [a
or unsaturated in a triglyceride
a head tail
b tail head
cc head head
d tail tail

17 a student filled dialysis tubing with a sucrose solution and knotted both ends. this formed a
cylinder with a length of 5.0cm and a radius of 2.0cm.
what is the surface area to volume ratio for this cylinder of dialysis tubing?
a 0.7:1.0 b 1.0:1.0 c 1.4:1.0 d 2.5:1.0

18 which process does not involve mitosis?
a asexual reproduction
b growth of unicellular organisms
c_ repair of tissues by cell replacement
d_ replacement of damaged or dead cells

19 the photomicrograph shows cells in an onion root tip.
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i 4y r
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f » = ote a : on my:
: ' a 2
ses. ' .
y 3 ! 2) +e
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= - a ie cat
which labelled cells are in anaphase, metaphase and prophase?
[anaphase [ metaphase | _pronhase
a x y z
b ¥ z x
c z xx ¥
d z 4 x

20 the diagram shows an outline of the mitotic cell cycle.
f° cytokinesis
which numbered stages of the cell cycle include a period of time when each chromosome
consists of sister chromatids joined by a centromere?
a 1and2 b 1and3 c 2and3 d 2only

21 the diagram shows part of a nucleic acid molecule.
n=
on
on
en

what is the name of bond x?
a glycosidic bond

b_ hydrogen bond

c peptide bond

d phosphodiester bond

22 xna is a laboratory-made nucleic acid. xna is made of nucleotides in which one component has
been replaced by chemical x. the chemical x is organic but is not found in nature. the part of
the molecule responsible for coding is not changed.

which component of a dna or rna nucleotide has been replaced by the organic chemical x?
a __five-carbon sugar

b_ phosphate group

c purine base

d pyrimidine base

23 which strand of dna does rna polymerase bind to?
a lagging strand
b leading strand
c_non-transcribed strand
d_ template strand

24 which processes occur during the formation of messenger rna?
1 condensation
2 polymerisation
3. replication
4 transcription
a 1,2and3 b 1,2and4 c 1,3 and4 d 2,3 and4

25 the anticodon for the amino acid tryptophan is acc.
what shows a template dna sequence that includes the dna triplet for tryptophan?
a ugg cgu ccg
b gcu gac acg
cc ctt tgg atg
d cct acc cat

26 a student drew a plan diagram of some plant tissue.
the diagram is shown. it contains a mistake in the way that it is drawn.
vai=n |
the maximum width of r is 15mm on the diagram and its actual width is 250 um.
the student was asked to draw a scale bar on their diagram.
which row is correct?
[=e |s be
plant drawn drawing mistake iniiin tewatreatly
represent 100 um
a root phloem 6
b root xylem 170
cc stem phloem 170
d stem xylem 6

27 four students have drawn and labelled part of a structure seen on an electron micrograph.
which student has labelled their drawing correctly?
a b
| | vacuole
| | itochondri tl
gy eenonela ase
0 | plate 0 1 vi) wsiave plate
‘i cytoplasm
cc d
| i
0 1 plate 0 \ |} seve plate
i cytoplasm i cytoplasm

28 the diagram shows some structures used for transport in the phloem.
companion cell z
cell
direction of '
_— phloem sieve tube
transport
rier cristae
long distance
which statement is correct?
a cell y is the sink cell.
b-cell z can be above or below cell y in the plant.
c cell z must be in a photosynthetic tissue.
d_ cell y allows glucose to move to the sieve tube via the companion cell.

29 the diagram shows a section through a root of a dicotyledonous plant.
dq5-#
| | - particle
we) ay
| i root hair
roo
xylem a
vessel casparian
strip
which statement correctly describes the movement of water and solutes through this root?
a_ a layer of suberin causes water and solutes to move from the apoplast pathway into the
symplast pathway.
b.a layer of suberin causes water and solutes to move from the symplast pathway into the
apoplast pathway.
c_ the tonoplast causes water and solutes to move from the symplast pathway into the
apoplast pathway.
d_ the tonoplast causes water and solutes to move from the apoplast pathway into the
symplast pathway.

30 the graph shows the effect of different partial pressures of carbon dioxide (co2) on the oxygen
dissociation curve for haemoglobin.
100 dd gy pp po og pg |
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saturation of po fp fh kpan fp
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 t 8 9 10 11 12
partial pressure of oxygen/kpa
what is the change in percentage oxygen saturation of haemoglobin at a partial pressure of
oxygen of 6kpa as the partial pressure of carbon dioxide changes from 1.0 kpa to 1.5kpa?
a -26% b -20% c 20% d 46%

31 what happens in the heart at the start of ventricular diastole?
a the semilunar valves open.
b_ the atrioventricular valves open.
c_ the pressure in the atria rises above the pressure in the ventricles.
d_ the pressure in the left atrium rises more than the pressure in the right atrium.

32 the electron micrograph shows a longitudinal section through a blood vessel.
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we yo. ba ad
— “ ae ge” we ne
eo ae , on
ee oe |
ss sg an y "ay; blood vessel
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which type of blood vessel is shown?
a arteriole
b_ capillary
c vein
d- venule

33 a student drew a sketch to show the formation of tissue fluid.
which label is correct?
a —_—_———— d
blood enters higher volume
capillary and ——> capillary ——» of blood
pressure increases ! returns to vein
tissues
b cc
red blood cells higher water potential in
and water move tissue fluid so water moves
into tissues back into the capillary

34 which structures are present in the trachea and also in all bronchioles?
1 cartilage
2 smooth muscle
3. epithelial cells
a 1,2and3 b_ 1 only c 2and3only d = 2only

35 the photomicrograph shows a section through part of the gas exchange system.
i va lang’ i x
x =
| he ‘ :
os 4 aie : jisd
a a os
}
~ a
_ 2 4 > ye as.
; ead
: —~. : ty
if mer y
which tissue can be seen?
a cartilage
b ciliated epithelium
c smooth muscle
d squamous epithelium

36 what is the function of the goblet cells in the gas exchange system?
a _toincrease the surface area
b_ to move mucus
c_ to release mucus
d to trap dust and pathogens

37 which organisms have cell walls that can be affected by penicillin?
1 bacteria
2 protoctists
3 viruses
a 1and2 b iand3 c1 only d 2and3

38 each year, there are 462000 deaths from malaria in children under 5 years old globally.
insecticide-treated nets could prevent 50% of malaria cases and reduce deaths of children under
5 years old by 18%.
how many children could be saved by using insecticide-treated nets?
a 41580 b 83160 c 231000 d 332640

39 which row is correct?
ae [a
phagocytosis antibodies
a t-lymphocytes b-lymphocytes
b t-lymphocytes t-lymphocytes
cc b-lymphocytes b-lymphocytes
d b-lymphocytes t-lymphocytes

40 four steps that occur during the primary immune response to a pathogen are listed.

p_ b-lymphocytes divide by mitosis.
q_ t-helper cells interact with macrophages that have digested pathogens.
r_ plasma cells secrete antibodies.
s_ t-helper cells activate other lymphocytes.

these steps can be arranged in the sequence in which they occur.

which step occurs third in the sequence?

a p b q c r ds

Solve 9700_w24_qp_13