chemistry

1. which particle contains 8 protons, 9 neutrons and 10 electrons?
a 16q- b 16q2- c no- d 11q2-

2 the second ionisation energy of oxygen is greater than the second ionisation energy of fluorine.
which factor explains this difference?
a the atomic radius of an oxygen atom is smaller than that of fluorine.
b_ the covalent bond in a fluorine molecule is weaker than the bond in an oxygen molecule.
c_ aspin-paired electron is removed from fluorine but not from oxygen.
d_ fluorine has more electrons in total than oxygen. this causes a greater shielding of the
nuclear attraction in fluorine.

3. zinc reacts with concentrated nitric acid giving three products only: zinc nitrate, an oxide of nitrogen
and water.
3.0 moles of zinc react with 8.0 moles of nitric acid. zinc nitrate contains zn** ions.
what could be the formula of the oxide of nitrogen?
a no b no c n,o3 d no,

4 a3.7g sample of copper(ii) carbonate is added to 25 cm” of 2.0moldm~ hydrochloric acid.
which volume of gas is produced at room conditions?
a 0.60dm® b 0.72dm* cc 1.20dm° d 2.40dm°

5 ammonium ions, nh,’, are formed when ammonia gas reacts with hydrogen chloride gas.
which statement about the changes that occur in this reaction is correct?
a_ the dipole moment of an ammonium ion is greater than the dipole moment of an ammonia
molecule.
b the h-n-h bond angle decreases when an ammonium ion is formed.
c_ the hybridisation of nitrogen does not change.
d_ there is electron transfer from nitrogen to chlorine.

6 which feature is present in both ethene and poly(ethene)?
a bond angles of 109.5°
b~ xcovalent bonds
co covalent bonds
d sp° orbitals

7 two compounds of boron are sodium borohydride, nabh,, and boron trifluoride, bf.
what are the shapes of the borohydride ion and the boron trifluoride molecule?
[etalon [tein

a square planar pyramidal
b square planar trigonal planar
cc tetrahedral pyramidal
d tetrahedral trigonal planar

8 in an experiment, 0.100 mol of propan-1-ol is burnt completely in 12.0 dm? of oxygen, measured at
room conditions.
what is the final volume of gas, measured at room conditions?
a 7.20dm* b  8.40dm° c 16.80dm* d 18.00dm°

9 ata temperature of 2500k and a pressure of 1.00 x 10‘*pa, a sample of 0.321 g of sulfur vapour
has a volume of 2.08 x 10°m°.
what is the molecular formula of sulfur under these conditions?
a ss bs, c ss, d ss;

10 in the structure of solid sio,
each silicon atom is bonded to x oxygen atoms
each oxygen atom is bonded to y silicon atoms
each bond is a z type bond.
what is the correct combination of x, y and z in these statements?
pope | oy |e
a 2 1 covalent
b 2 1 ionic
cc 4 2 covalent
d 4 2 ionic

11 nitric acid is made industrially by the oxidation of ammonia. the overall equation for the process
is shown.
equation 1 nh; + 20, + hno, + h,o

the process happens in three stages. the equations and enthalpy changes for these stages are
given.

stage 1 4nh, + 50, — 4no + 6h,o ah = -904kj mol”

stage 2 2no + o, — 2no, ah = -114kj mol

stage 3 4no, + o, + 2h,o — 4hno, ah = -348 kj mol”!
what is the enthalpy change of the process shown in equation 1?
a -1480kj mol"
b  -370kjmol"'
c -341.5kj mol
d +82kjmol"'

12 chlorine reacts with sodium bromide.
4cl, + nabr > nacl + 4br,

which words correctly describe this reaction?

1 redox

2 displacement

3. disproportionation
a 1,2and3
b 1 and 2 only
cc 1only
d 2only

13 the equation for the reaction between aqueous copper ions and aqueous iodide ions is as follows.
2cu**(aq) + 4t (aq) — 2cul(s) + l(aq)
what is the change in oxidation state of copper?
a +2to-1 b +2to0 c +2to+1 d +4to+2

14 a mixture of the three gases, oxygen, nitrogen and argon, is at a total pressure of 500 kpa. there
is a total of 1.2 moles of gas in the mixture.
if the oxygen gas alone occupied the entire volume of the mixture, it would exert a pressure of
150 kpa.
at room conditions the amount of nitrogen gas in the mixture would occupy a volume of 5.76 dm*.
what is the partial pressure of the argon gas in the mixture?
a 150kpa
b  200kpa
c 250kpa
d 300kpa

15 0.200 mol of sulfur dioxide and 0.200 mol of oxygen are placed in a 1.00 dm* sealed container. the
gases are allowed to react until equilibrium is reached.
280, + o, = 280,
at equilibrium there is 0.100 mol of so, in the container.
what is the value of k,?
a 0.150moldm~®
b  0.800moldm~
c 1.25mor'dm®
d 6.67mol'dm®

16 the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of mno, produces water and oxygen
gas.
2h,0,(aq) — 2h,o(1) + o,(9)
the volume of gas collected when 0.2g of mno, is added to two different hydrogen peroxide
solutions at 20 °c is shown on the graph as curves x and y.
xx
y
volume
of gas
0 z
0 time
which row shows the conditions that will result in curves x and y?
i a
concentration concentration
volume of of ho form of volume of of h.0 form of
h,0,/cm* a mno, | h,o,/cm® oie” mno,
/moldm™ /moldm”
a 50 0,1 lumps 50 0.2 powder
b 25 0.2 powder 25. 0.1 lumps
c 50 0,1 lumps 20 0.2 powder
d 20 0.2 powder 40 0.1 lumps

17. the diagram shows a gas syringe with a free-moving piston. the syringe contains gaseous hydrogen,
gaseous iodine and gaseous hydrogen iodide at equilibrium.
gaseous hydrogen, gaseous iodine
and gaseous hydrogen iodide
h,(g) + i,(g) = 2hi(g)

three changes are listed.

1 increasing the total pressure by adding an inert gas and keeping the volume constant

2. increasing the pressure by adding more gaseous hydrogen iodide and keeping the

volume constant

3 decreasing the volume by pushing the piston to the left
which changes will result in an equilibrium position at which the rate of the forward reaction has
increased?
a 2only b 1and2 c 1and3 d 2and3

18 which row gives the best description of the variations in the melting points and the first ionisation
energies of the elements in period 3 from sodium to argon?
| | melting points first ionisation energies
a increase up to a peak at aluminium then decrease generally decrease
b increase up to a peak at aluminium then decrease generally increase
cc increase up to a peak at silicon then decrease generally decrease
d increase up to a peak at silicon then decrease generally increase

19 xandy are atoms of different elements in period 3 of the periodic table. neither x nor y is argon.
x is a non-metal.
x has a greater atomic radius than y.
which statement is correct?
a xhas more occupied electron shells than y.
b  xhas more protons in each atom than y.
c xhas the same number of outer electrons in each atom as y.
dy is anon-metal.

20 four mixtures are added to four separate 50 cm? samples of water and stirred.
which mixture results in a solution with the highest ph?
a 1.0g of aluminium oxide and 1.0g of aluminium chloride
b- 1.0g of magnesium oxide and 1.0g of magnesium chloride
c_ 1.0g of phosphorus oxide and 1.0g of phosphorus chloride
d_ 1.0g of silicon dioxide and 1.0g of silicon chloride

21 what happens when a piece of magnesium ribbon is placed in cold water?
a a vigorous effervescence occurs.
b_ bubbles of gas form slowly on the magnesium.
c_ the magnesium floats on the surface of the water and reacts quickly.
d_ the magnesium glows and a white solid is produced.

22 the table gives some data for compounds of two elements from group 2 of the periodic table.
decomposition solubility of sulfate | solubility of hydroxide
element temperature of in mol/100g in mol/100g
carbonate / °c of water of water
calcium 840 4.66 x 10° 1.53 x 10°
zz ? ? 2.00 x 10°
what is the missing data for element z?
decomposition | solubility of sulfate
temperature of in mol/100g
carbonate / °c of water
a 350 1.83 x 10!
b 350 7.11 x 10°
c 1100 1.83 x 10!
d 1100 7.11 x 10°

23 qis a mixture of two compounds of group 2 elements.
q undergoes thermal decomposition to produce a white solid and only two gaseous products. one
of the gaseous products relights a glowing splint.
what could be the components of mixture q?
a_ mgcl, and caco,
b  mgco, and ca(no3).
c mg(no,), and ca(no,),
d mgo and cao

24 lodine has a higher melting point than chlorine.
what is the reason for this?
a _lodine has stronger covalent bonds than chlorine.
b__lodine molecules have stronger permanent dipoles than chlorine molecules.
c iodine is more volatile than chlorine.
d__lodine has stronger instantaneous dipole—induced dipole forces than chlorine.

25 when concentrated sulfuric acid is added to solid sodium chloride, hci is formed but not cl,.

when concentrated sulfuric acid is added to solid sodium iodide, i, is formed.

which statement explains these observations?

a_ sulfuric acid is an oxidising agent and chloride ions are more easily oxidised than iodide
ions.

b sulfuric acid is an oxidising agent and iodide ions are more easily oxidised than chloride
ions.

c_ sulfuric acid is a reducing agent and chloride ions are more easily reduced than iodide ions.

d sulfuric acid is a reducing agent and iodide ions are more easily reduced than chloride ions.

26 naoh(aq) is added to nh,cl(aq). the mixture is warmed.

the gas that is produced turns damp red litmus paper blue.

which row is correct?

[enema perce

ion in nh,cl on the litmus paper

a bronsted—lowry acid bronsted—lowry base
b bronsted—lowry acid bronsted—lowry acid
cc bronsted—lowry base bronsted—lowry acid
d bronsted—lowry base bronsted—lowry base

27. artemisinin is a powerful anti-malarial drug.
artemisinin
ch,
° fe)
ch, ie}
o
[e)
ch,

how many chiral centres are there in each molecule of artemisinin?
a 4 b 6 cc 7 d 8

28 which row shows the correct name and classification of the halogenoalkane shown?
ch,(ch,),cbr(ch3)ch,ch,
classification of
name

halogenoalkane

a | 3-bromo-3-methylhexane secondary

b | 3-bromo-3-methylhexane tertiary

cc 3-bromo-4-methylhexane tertiary

d | 4-bromo-5-methylhexane secondary

29 how many geometrical (cis/trans) isomers are there of hex-2,4-diene, ch;ch=chch=chch,?
a none; hex-2,4-diene does not show geometric isomerism
b 2
cc 3
d 4

30 the structure of compound x is shown.
compound x
ss
one mole of compound x reacts completely with two moles of hydrogen bromide.
what is the structure of the major product of this reaction?
a b
br
br br
i itl
(e3 d
br br br
ans at

31 the formulae of three compounds are shown.
c3h;,cho c,h;,coch, ch,chch,ch,oh
only one of these compounds will decolourise bromine water. only one of these compounds will
produce a silver mirror with tollens’ reagent.
which row shows the correct results?
‘ 5 forms a silver mirror with
decolourises bromine water 4
tollens’ reagent

a c3h;cho c,h;,coch,

b c,h;coch, c3,h;cho

cc ch,chch,ch,oh c,h;coch,

d ch,chch,ch,oh c,h,cho

32 which list contains a compound that is not made during the free radical substitution of methane
with chlorine?
a ch,cl, ccl,, coh,
b cl,, ch,cl,, ccl,
c chcl, ch,cl,, chcl,
d ch,cl, chci3, c,h,cl,

33  propanoic acid can be used to make propene by a two-stage synthesis.
which row shows suitable reagents for this synthesis?
—[essetrttsaoe [ei trsecndsse

a lialh, conc. h,so,
b lialh, naoh in ethanol
c nabh, conc. h,so,
d nabh, naoh in ethanol

34 which alcohol reacts with alkaline i,(aq) to produce ethanoate ions?
a ethanol
b~ methylpropan-2-ol
c_propan-2-ol
d _ butan-2-ol

35 heating compound x, c7h,,0., under reflux with an excess of acidified potassium dichromate(v1)

produces compound y.
compound y produces hydrogen gas with sodium metal and forms orange crystals with 2,4-dnph
reagent.
what could x be?

a b cc d

ch,oh oh ch, oh (ch,),c(oh)ch,ch,ch,cho

ch, ;
ch,oh
oh oh

36 which reaction takes place by a nucleophilic addition mechanism?
a __propene reacting with hydrogen bromide
b  2-bromopropane reacting with sodium hydroxide in ethanol
c_propanone reacting with hydrogen cyanide
d methane reacting with chlorine

37 three equations are shown.
1. ch,cooh + mgco, + ch,coomg + co, + h,o
2 ch,;ch,cooh + na — ch,ch,coona + +h,
3 ch3,;ch,cooh + 2ba(oh), > ch3;ch,cooba, + 2h,o0
which of the equations are correct?
a 1,2and3 b 1and2only c 2only d 3only

38 how many esters with the molecular formula c;h,,o, can be made by reacting a primary alcohol
with a carboxylic acid?
a 4 b 5 cc 6 d 8

39 the diagram shows an ester. it is heated under reflux with an excess of naoh(aq).
o
sa,
which row shows the 2 products of the reaction?
| | product 1 product 2
a
[e)
a, | 7
oh
b
oo
es eee
oh
cc
o
cn
ona
d
o
~ oe
ona

40 oxygen has three stable isotopes, ®o, 0 and ‘°o. all three isotopes are present in a sample of
oxygen gas, o,, which was analysed using a mass spectrometer.
how many peaks associated with the oe ion would be expected?
a 3 b 5 cc 6 d9

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