chemistry

1 which species contains the same number of neutrons as ‘$c and the same number of electrons
as na‘?
17 16 \3- 20 16 w2-
a ‘of b zn c {ne d 30

2 which process has the largest enthalpy change per mole?
a al*(g) > al*(g) + &
b p(g) > p™(g) + &
c s*(g) > s"g) + &
d_ si*(g) > si*(g) + &

3 which sodium compound contains 74.2% by mass of sodium?
a __ sodium carbonate
b sodium chloride
c sodium hydroxide
d sodium oxide

4 what is the maximum volume of sulfur dioxide gas measured at room conditions produced from
burning 100 dm‘ of diesel fuel containing 0.8346 g of sulfur?
a 291cm?® b 312cm? c 582cm* d 624cm°

5 which row shows the correct number of covalent bonds in a molecule of methylpropene?
 [raarana | ora
bonds in the molecule bonds in the molecule
a 10 1
b 10 2
cc 11 1
d 11 2

6 aluminium chloride exists as al,cl, molecules at room temperature. when heated to a high
temperature, ajc1; molecules are formed.
what are the arrangements of the bonding pairs of electrons around the aluminium atom in the
two forms of aluminium chloride?
| |] alc alc,
a planar planar
b planar tetrahedral
cc tetrahedral tetrahedral
d tetrahedral octahedral

7 the table shows the physical properties of four substances.
which substance has a giant covalent structure?
electrical electrical pea
ee es conductivity | conductivity ae
of solid of liquid ae

solution
a -119 39 poor poor insoluble

b -115 -85 poor poor good

cc 993 1695 poor good good
d 1160 2230 poor poor insoluble

8 atroom temperature and pressure, h2o is a liquid and h2s is a gas.

what is the reason for this difference of state?

a ohas higher first and second ionisation energies than s.

b_ the covalent bond between o and h is stronger than the covalent bond between s and h.

c_ there is significant hydrogen bonding between h2o molecules but not between hs
molecules.

d_ the instantaneous dipole-induced dipole forces between h2o0 molecules are stronger than
the instantaneous dipole-induced dipole forces between h2s molecules.

9 the enthalpy change for a reaction can be calculated from values of:
e enthalpies of formation, ah?
e enthalpies of combustion, ah?
e bond energies, e.
the enthalpy change of the reaction given = ah?.
2c2h,e(g) + 302(g) > 2ch4(g) + 2co2(g) + 2h2o(i)
which expression could be used to calculate ah??
a ah3(c2h,(9))
b 2ah3(c,h,(g)) — 24h3(ch,(g))
c e(c-c) + 2e(c-h) - 4e(c=o) — 4£(h-o)
d ah#(ch,(g)) + ahf(co,(g)) + ahf(h,o(1)) — ahf(c,h,(g))

10 which reaction has an enthalpy change equal to the standard enthalpy change of formation of
propane?
a 3c(g) + 4h2(g) > cshe(g)
b 3c(g) + 8h(g) > cshs(g)
c 3c(s) + 4h2(g) > csh,(g)
d 3c(s) + 4h2(g) > csha(i)

11 one of the reactions in the rechargeable lead/acid battery is shown.
pb(s) + pbo.(s) + 4h*(aq) + 2s0,7(aq) > 2pbso,(s) + 2h2o(!)
which statement about this reaction is correct?
a lead is both oxidised and reduced.
b_ lead is neither oxidised nor reduced.
c lead is oxidised only.
d lead is reduced only.

12 kmno, is an oxidising agent. its reaction with fe** is shown in the following ionic equation.
wxmno, + .....fe* + 0h! > o...mn® + y...fe? + ......h,0

what are x and y when the equation is balanced?

pp | x |
a 1 1
b ‘i 3
cc a 5
d 5 1

13 nitrogen and hydrogen are mixed in a reaction vessel. the reaction reaches equilibrium giving a
mixture of nitrogen, hydrogen and ammonia gases.
no + 3h, = 2nh;
the mixture of gases present at equilibrium at a total pressure of 300 atm is shown.
ma
in mixture

nitrogen 180

hydrogen 590

ammonia 160
what is the equilibrium constant, k,, for the forward reaction?
a 6.65 x 10° atm?
b 7.13 x 10° atm”
c 0.599atm?
d 1.50 x 10° atm?

14 a mixture of hydrogen gas and iodine gas is placed in a reaction vessel of volume v at
temperature t.
the reaction h. + i, = 2hi is allowed to come to equilibrium.
all substances remain in the gaseous state.
argon gas is then pumped into the reaction vessel. the temperature in the vessel is maintained
at t.
how are the rate of the forward reaction and the partial pressure of hi at equilibrium affected?
rate of partial pressure of
forward reaction hi at equilibrium
a increased increased
b increased unaffected
cc unaffected increased
d unaffected unaffected

15 two experiments are carried out to study the reaction between zinc and sulfuric acid.
experiment 1 small lumps of zinc are added to excess dilute sulfuric acid.
experiment 2. the reaction is carried out at a lower temperature and with one other
change.
both experiments produce the same total volume of gas and are completed in the same time.
what is the second change made in experiment 2?
a acatalyst is added.
b_ agreater mass of zinc is added.
c_ agreater volume of sulfuric acid is added.
d larger lumps of zinc are used.

16 the relative magnitude of the property x of five elements is shown. p, q, r, s and t are all in
period 3 and have consecutive atomic numbers.
the letters are not the actual chemical symbols of the elements.
r
q
p
x
ss t
atomic number

which row is correct for property x and element r?

a electrical conductivity al

b electronegativity si

cc melting point al

d | second ionisation energy si

17 element x is in period 3. element x reacts with oxygen to produce a solid, y.
when solid y is added to water, a solution with a ph of less than 7 is produced.
what is the identity of element x?

a sodium

bs silicon

c_ phosphorus
d © sulfur

18 this question refers to isolated gaseous species.
the species f’, ne and na’® are isoelectronic. this means they have the same number of
electrons.
in which order do their radii increase?
| smallest ———— largest
a na* f ne
b f ne na*
cc na* ne f
d ne f na*

19 separate samples of magnesium and calcium are added to an excess of dilute sulfuric acid. the
observations are summarised in the table.
magnesium vigorous reaction, bubbles of gas produced,
magnesium completely dissolves
calcium vigorous reaction initially, bubbles of gas produced,
reaction soon stops and leaves most of the calcium unreacted
which statement explains the difference in these observations?
a_ calcium is a better oxidising agent than magnesium.
b_ calcium is a better reducing agent than magnesium.
c magnesium is a more reactive metal with all dilute acids than calcium.
d magnesium sulfate is more soluble than calcium sulfate.

20 dolomite is a double carbonate, camg(cos)2, and can be used instead of calcium carbonate for
treating acidic soils.
the three statements all refer to the agricultural use of these carbonates.
1 dolomite and calcium carbonate are both less soluble than ca(oh)p.
2 one mole of dolomite has the same neutralising effect as one mole of calcium
carbonate.
3 dolomite and calcium carbonate both increase the ph of acidic soils.
which statements are correct?
a jiand2only b 1and3only c 2and3only d 1,2and3

21 this question is about two salts, nai and nacl
the two solid salts are separately added to warm concentrated h2so, and the results noted.
aqueous solutions of the two salts are separately added to agno;(aq) and then concentrated
nh;(aq) is added and the results noted.
which row is correct?
i ee
with concentrated h2so, and nh,(aq) are added

a nacl cl, colourless solution

b nacl h2s white precipitate

cc nal h2s yellow precipitate

d nal ll colourless solution

22 the diagram shows the process of adding calcium nitrate and strontium nitrate to separate boiling
tubes and heating them. identical conditions are used.
t ca(nos), water containing { sr(no3)> water containing
universal indicator universal indicator
heat heat
as the reactions proceed, the water containing universal indicator changes colour.
which row describes the colour change and identifies the nitrate that causes the quickest colour
change?
colour change of nitrate that causes the
universal indicator quickest colour change
a green to blue ca(no3)2
b green to blue sr(nos3)2
cc green to red ca(no3)2
d green to red sr(nos)2

23 the equations for three reactions involving chlorine or its compounds are listed.
1 2kcio; > 2kci + 30,
2 a4kc1o3; > 3kcio, + kcl
3. 6koh + 3cl, > 3h,0 + 5kci + kcio3
which statement about these equations is correct?
a_ equation 1 describes the formation of a compound used to kill bacteria in drinking water.
b_ equation 1 does not represent a redox reaction.
c equation 2 describes the formation of potassium chlorate(iv).
d equations 2 and 3 both represent disproportionation reactions.

24 nitrogen monoxide, no, is a primary pollutant produced by petrol engines and is found in their
exhaust gases.
which reaction occurs in a catalytic converter and decreases the emission of nitrogen monoxide?
a no) + co(g) > no,(g) + c(s)
b no@g) + co2(g) > no.(g) + co(g)
c 2no(g) + 2co(g) > na(g) + 2co,(g)
d 2no(g) + co.(g) > 2no.(g) + c(s)

25 the diagram shows the structure of the naturally occurring molecule cholesterol.
cholesterol
h,c.
ch,
ch,
ho
student x stated that the 17 carbon atoms in the 4 rings all lie in the same plane.
student y stated that this molecule displays cis/trans isomerism at the c=c double bond.
which students are correct?
a both student x and student y
b_ neither student x nor student y
c student x only
d student y only

26 the drug cortisone has the formula shown.
cortisone
oh
oh
0 )
*
()

in addition to those chiral centres marked by an asterisk (*), how many other chiral centres are
present in the cortisone molecule?

a 0 b 1 c 2 d 3

27 but-2-ene reacts with cold dilute acidified kmnoz to give product x.
but-2-ene reacts with hot concentrated acidified kmno, to give product y.
which statement about product x and product y is correct?
a_ both product x and product y will react with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine.
b_ neither product x nor product y will react with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine.
c_ product x will react with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, product y will not.
d_ product y will react with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, product x will not.

28 a sequence of reactions takes place. the major product is compound z.
concentrated
; . lialh, h,so,
propanoic acid -————® compound x -~———~————® compound y
pass vapour with
steam over h,po,
compound z
what is compound 2?
a_propanone
b_propene
c_propan-1-ol
d_propan-2-ol

29 which statement is correct?
a_ bromoethane reacts with naoh(aq) to form ethene as a major product.
b_ 1-chlorobutane reacts more rapidly than 1-bromobutane with naoh(aq) at the same
temperature.
c_ hydrolysis of (c2hs)scbr occurs mostly by the sy2 mechanism.
d the ch3ch;ch,ch,’ ion is less stable than the (ch3)3c” ion.

30 in the hydrolysis of bromoethane by aqueous naoh, what is the nature of the attacking group
and of the leaving group?
(| ateking rou | leaina rou |
a electrophile electrophile
b electrophile nucleophile
cc nucleophile electrophile
d nucleophile nucleophile

31. xis an organic compound containing the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only.

the table shows the observations made from three chemical tests carried out on x.
na(s) effervescence
nazco;(s) effervescence
hot h*/cr,0,*(aq) remains orange

what is a possible structure of x?
a b cc d
ho fe) oh oh oh oh

32 how many moles of oxygen gas are needed for the complete combustion of 1 mol of (ch3)3coh?
a 6 b 65 cc 12 d 13

33. in which pair will each compound give a different visible result with alkaline i,(aq)?
a  ch3ch20h and ch3;cho
b  ch3cho and ch3;coch3
c ch3cooh and c2hscoc2hs
d ch3ch20h and c,hs;cho

34 which reagent gives a positive result with propanone?
a alkaline i,(aq)
b aqueous bromine
c_ fehling’s reagent
d_ tollens’ reagent

35 esters can be hydrolysed with an aqueous alkali or an aqueous acid to form two products.
the table compares the two methods.
which row is correct?
a complete conversion to forms an equilibrium mixture with
a salt and an organic acid an organic acid and an alcohol
b forms an equilibrium mixture complete conversion to
with a salt and an organic acid a salt and an alcohol
cc complete conversion to forms an equilibrium mixture with
a salt and an alcohol an organic acid and an alcohol
d complete conversion to complete conversion to
a salt and an alcohol an organic acid and an alcohol

36 structural isomerism only should be considered when answering this question.
how many compounds with molecular formula cs5h,,br are primary halogenoalkanes?
a 4 b 5 cc 7 d 8

37 compound z is formed by the reaction scheme shown.
ch,ch,br en oe compound x —iewi compound z
in ethanol dilute hc/

what is the formula of compound z?

a ch3ch2cl

b  ch3ch2cn

c ch;cooh

d ch;ch,cooh

38 hydroxyethanal, hoch2cho, is heated under reflux with an excess of acidified k2cr207 until no

further oxidation takes place.
what is the skeletal formula of the organic product?

a b cc d

(@) o oh o
ho
ho oh oh oh oh
(e) oo o [e)

39 the formula shows the repeat unit of an addition polymer.
—ch(ch3)ch(ch2ch3)—
what is the correct name of the monomer from which this polymer is made?
a 1-methyl-2-ethylethene
b_ 1-ethylprop-1-ene
c_pent-2-ene
d_pent-1-ene

40 the infrared spectrum of a compound is shown.
100
transmittance /%
50
0
4000 3000 2000 1500 1000 500
wavenumber/cm-'
bond | functional groups containing the bond sharagtensie nita absarpion tangs
(in wavenumbers) /cm
hydroxy, ester 1040-1300
aromatic compound, alkene 1500-1680
c=o | amide 1640-1690
carbonyl, carboxyl 1670-1740
ester 1710-1750
o-h carboxyl 2500-3000
hydroxy 3200-3600
which functional group could the compound contain?
a alcohol
b_ carboxylic acid
c_ ester
d nitrile

Solve 9701_m24_qp_12