chemistry

1. which pair of formulae is correct?
a ag2co3 and (nh4)3no3
b  kshco3 and zn3(po.)2
c aghcos; and k3po,4
d znco3 and (nh4)2po.

2 howmany molecules are present in 62 g of solid white phosphorus, p4?
al b 2l e dp -
2 4

3 the first eight successive ionisation energies for two elements of period 3 of the periodic table
are shown in the graphs.
ionisation ionisation
energy energy
012 3 45 6 7 8 0123 45 67 8
electron removed electron removed
what is the formula of the ionic compound formed from these elements?
a mgcl, b cabr2 c nas d k,se

4 inwhich pairs are both species free radicals?
1 clando
2 cl ando*
3  cland o-
4 cl‘ and 0*
a 1,3 and4 b 1and3only c= 1 only d = 2only

5 which shape is correctly predicted by vsepr theory?
number of bonded number of
; ‘ shape
electron pairs lone pairs
a 2 2 linear
b 2 2 tetrahedral
cc 3 dl pyramidal
d a 1 trigonal planar

6 in which species does the underlined atom have an incomplete outer shell?
a bf; b ch; c fo d h,;0°

7 in this question it should be assumed that nitrogen behaves as an ideal gas under the conditions
stated.
which volume is occupied by 1.00g of nitrogen at 50.0°c and at a pressure of 120 kpa?
a 0.124dm° b  0.799dm* c 1.60dm° d 22.4dm°

8 consider the following four compounds.
1 (ch3)3ch
2  ch3ch2,ch20h
3  ch3ch2ch2sh
4  ch3ch2ch2ch3
what is the order of increasing boiling point of the compounds (lowest first)?
a 1545253
b 154532
c 4515253
d 4351>3->2

9 ethane can react with fluorine to produce 1,2-difluoroethane, c2h,f2.
cohe + 2f2 — cohsf2 + 2hf ah = -960 kj mol"
energy
/kj mol
c-h 410
c-c 350
f-f 158
h-f 562
what is the bond energy of the c—-f bond in 1,2-difluoroethane?
a 407kjmol' b 474kjmol' c 486kjmol? d = 972kjmot*

10 which equation has an enthalpy change equal to the standard enthalpy of formation of
sodium oxide?
a na(s) + 4+0.(g) > $na,0(s)
b_ na(s) + o2(g) > na2o(s)
c 2na(s) + 40.(g) > na,o(s)
d 4na(s) + o2(g) > 2na20(s)

11 nitrogen dioxide reacts with water.
2no2 + h20 -— hnoz + hno;
which statement about this reaction is correct?
a_ both products are formed because oxygen atoms gain electrons.
b_ nitrogen atoms undergo disproportionation.
c_ the oxidation number of hydrogen is increased.
d_ water acts as an oxidising agent.

12 phosphorus reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid to produce phosphoric acid, sulfur dioxide
and water.
ah2so, + bp + ch3po,4 + dso2 + eh2o0
a, b, c, d and e are all whole numbers.
the equation can be balanced by using oxidation numbers.
what is the value of the sum a+b+c+d+e?
a 10 b 14 cc 15 d 16

13 the volume of ammonia produced against time is measured in two experiments.
n2(g) + 3h2(g) = 2nh3(g) ah = -92kj mol"
in experiment 1, 3mol of h2(g) and 1 mol of n2(g) react together at 45°c and a pressure of
200 atm.
a graph showing the volume of ammonia produced against time is plotted.
experiment 2 is then performed. experiment 2 differs from experiment 1 in one condition only.
experiment 1
experiment 2
volume
of nh,
0
0 time
how does experiment 2 differ from experiment 1?
a_ aniron catalyst is present in experiment 2.
b  2mol of helium gas is present in the reaction mixture in experiment 2.
c_ a pressure of 250 atm is used in experiment 2.
d_ a temperature of 600°c is used in experiment 2.

14 which reaction has an equilibrium constant, kp, that has no units?
a h,(g) + l(g) = 2hi(g)
b  3h2(g) + n2(g) = 2nhs(g)
c 2no,(g) = n20,(g)
d 2802(g) + o2(g) = 2803(g)

15 gas q decomposes slowly at room temperature.
q(g) > x(g) + z(g)
the boltzmann distribution curve for gas q at room temperature is shown.
number of
particles
0 1
0 e,
energy
which change occurs when a catalyst is added to gas q?
a_ the peak of the curve moves to the right on the diagram.
b the number of particles with enough energy to decompose increases.
c_ the kinetic energy of the unreacted particles increases.
d_ the value of e, decreases, moving the vertical dotted line to the right on the diagram.

16 which statement is correct?
a aluminium chloride has a giant ionic lattice of al** and ci” ions.
b_ sodium chloride dissolves in water, forming hydrogen chloride and sodium hydroxide.
c_ the strong covalent bonds in silicon chloride prevent it from reacting with water.
d when phosphorus(v) chloride is added to water, the resulting solution conducts electricity.

17 a mixture of calcium carbonate, calcium nitrate, strontium carbonate and strontium nitrate is
thermally decomposed. the decomposition reaction of each substance goes to completion. each
substance is anhydrous.

how many different products are formed?
a 4 b 5 cc 7 d 8

18 wis a solid that reacts with water to produce an alkaline solution.
the addition of two drops of dilute h2so, to this alkaline solution produces a white precipitate.
what could be the identity of solid w?
a magnesium hydroxide
b magnesium oxide
c barium oxide
d phosphorus oxide

19 chlorine gas is reacted with cold aqueous sodium hydroxide.
which statement is correct for this reaction?
a_ chlorine is both oxidised and reduced.
b_ chlorine is neither oxidised nor reduced.
c_ chlorine is oxidised but not reduced.
d_ chlorine is reduced but not oxidised.

20 sodium is added to water to form solution y. the ph of solution y is measured.
when powdered substance x is added to solution y, the ph falls.
which two compounds could each be substance x?
a mgcl, and al(oh) 3
b mgcl, and k,0
c nacland al(oh)s
d nacland k,0

21 the table shows statements about some of the properties of halogens and their compounds and
explanations for these properties.
which row shows a correct statement about the property and a correct explanation for the
statement?
statement explanation
a iodine is a solid at room temperature the i-i bond strength is high
b the decomposition of hydrogen iodide chlorine is more
is more endothermic than the reactive than iodine
decomposition of hydrogen chloride
cc when chlorine is bubbled into aqueous chlorine is a stronger
potassium iodide, a purple solution is seen oxidising agent than iodine
d when concentrated sulfuric acid is added to iodide ions are being oxidised
solid potassium iodide, a purple vapour is seen to iodine by the sulfuric acid

22 which statement describes a property of an ammonium ion?
a an aqueous ammonium ion is a weak bra@nsted—lowry base.
b aqueous ammonium sulfate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to make ammonia gas.
c anammonium ion has a pyramidal shape with an h-n-h bond angle of 107°.
d_ the four n-h covalent bonds in an ammonium ion are identical to each other.

23 catalytic converters are fitted in the exhaust systems of many cars.
gas x:
e causes acid rain if it is released into the air
e is removed from car exhaust fumes by a catalytic converter.
what is gas x?
a carbon dioxide
b_ carbon monoxide
c hydrocarbon vapour
d nitrogen dioxide

24 in the general formula of which class of compound is the ratio of hydrogen atoms to carbon
atoms the highest?
a alcohols
b_ aldehydes
c_ carboxylic acids
d_halogenoalkanes

25 which statement is correct?
a_ adding sodium oxide to water gives a lower ph solution than adding silicon oxide to water.
b_ the oxidation state of sodium in its chloride is higher than the oxidation state of silicon in its
chloride.
c_ the atomic radius of sodium is larger than that of silicon.
d melting point of the chloride of sodium is lower than the melting point of the chloride of
silicon.

26 zis a gaseous hydrocarbon which has a density of 3.50 x 10°*gcm”™ under room conditions.
z reacts with an excess of hot concentrated acidified kmno,. only one type of carboxylic acid is
formed in this reaction.
what is z?
a but-2-ene
b 2,3-dimethylbut-2-ene
c  hex-2-ene
d_hex-3-ene

27 compound x can be oxidised to compound y.
compound y gives a yellow precipitate with alkaline i,(aq).
what is compound x?
a _ butan-1-ol
b  butan-2-ol
c_ methylpropan-1-ol
d_ methylpropan-2-ol

28 aqueous naoh reacts with 1-bromopropane to give propan-1-ol.
what should be included in a diagram of the first step in the mechanism?
a acurly arrow from a lone pair on the oh” ion to the c** atom of 1-bromopropane
b accurly arrow from the c™ atom of 1-bromopropane to the oh” ion
c  acurly arrow from the c-br bond to the c atom
d_ the homolytic fission of the c-br bond

29 in which reaction is the organic compound oxidised?
a ch3ch2ch2cho + tollens’ reagent
b  chsch2ch2cho + liaih,
c ch3ch2ch20oh + concentrated h3po,
d ch3co2c2hs + dilute h2so,

30 1 mole of each of the following four compounds is reacted separately with:

e anexcess of sodium

e anexcess of sodium carbonate.

which compound produces the same volume of gas with each of the two reagents?
a b cc d
oh o o (@)
oh
oh h ho
ho ho ho e)

31. which reaction will distinguish between propan-1-ol and propan-2-ol?
a warming with acidified kmno,
b~ warming with acidified k2.cr207
c_ dehydration, followed by reaction with br2(aq)
d_ mild oxidation, followed by reaction with fehling’s reagent

32 compound t has the skeletal formula shown.
compound t
which structure is a structural isomer of compound t?
a b cc d

33 the diagram shows a simplified structure of coenzyme qo.
coenzyme q,,
[@)
ch,o.
ch,o * h
(@)
n
which row describes the structure of coenzyme qy correctly?
the coenzyme is member of'n bands
in one molecule
a an aldehyde pt2
b an aldehyde n+4
cc a ketone mr2
d a ketone n+4

34 the molecule of limonene, ciohie, contains a 6-membered ring. this is the only cyclic component
in its structure.
which volume of hydrogen, at room conditions, is required to react completely with the c=c
double bonds in one mole of limonene?
a 12dm° b 24dm° c 48dm° d 72dm°*

35 1-bromopropane reacts with hot ethanolic naoh.
what is the molecular formula of the product in this reaction?
a c3he b cshe c c3h7o0 d c3hso0

36 asample of pent-2-en-4-ol, c5h:.0, contains all the possible stereoisomers of this compound.
how many stereoisomers are there in the sample?
a 2 b 3 cc 4 d5

37 which pair of reagents reacts to form a product with a chiral carbon atom?
a ch3ch=ch,2 + hbr
b_  (chs)2,cc=o + nabh,
c ch3schszcho + hcn
d ch3;cooh + ch3ch2oh

38 the diagrams show the structures of two esters, x and y, that are formed in ripening apples.
ester x ester y
pe poe vay
id o

which carboxylic acids are formed when these esters are hydrolysed by h2sox(aq)?
ee

a ch3cooh ch3ch2cooh

b ch3cooh ch3ch2ch(ch3)cooh

cc ch3ch(ch3)ch2cooh ch3ch2cooh

d ch3ch(ch3)ch2cooh ch3ch2ch(ch3)cooh

39 an addition polymer is made from monomer z.
monomer z
(e)
a rn
what is the structure of the polymer made from this monomer?
(e)
a for—on—el
(e)
b fon—cr—b—o}
c tch,—ch—=c—o}.
drs,
d [ae
c—och,ch,
i

40 compound x reacts with acidified kzcr207 to form compound y.
the infrared spectrum of compound y is shown.
100
transmittance
50
0
4000 3000 2000 1500 1000 500
wavenumber/cm-'
bond | functional groups containing the bond gharasteriste inte akeorptlan fangy
(in wavenumbers) /cm
hydroxy, ester 4040-1300
aromatic compound, alkene 1500-1680
c=o | amide 1640-1690
carbonyl, carboxyl 1670-1740
ester 1710-1750
o-h carboxyl 2500-3000
hydroxy 3200-3600
what is the identity of compound x?
a _propan-1-ol
b_propan-2-ol
c_propanone
d_propanoic acid

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