chemistry

1. which species contains a different number of electrons from the other three?
a clo, b_ h2so, c so,” d te?

2 which factor causes helium to have a higher first ionisation energy than hydrogen?
a inthe 1s orbital in helium, electrons are paired.
b_ the lowest energy level in helium is filled.
c_ the nuclear charge in helium is higher than in hydrogen.
d_ there is less shielding of the outer shell in helium.

3 a0.216g sample of aluminium carbide reacts with an excess of water to produce methane gas.
this is the only carbon-containing product formed in the reaction. this methane gas burns
completely in oz to form h20 and co, only. the volume of coz produced at room temperature
and pressure is 108 cm’.

what is the formula of aluminium carbide?
a al2c3 b_ al3c2 c ai3c,4 d alscs3

4 a reaction between two gases takes place on the surface of the catalytic converter of a
petrol-engined car.
in this reaction, four reactant molecules produce three product molecules.
what could be the two reactant gases in this reaction?
a nitrogen and carbon dioxide
b_ nitrogen monoxide and carbon dioxide
c nitrogen monoxide and carbon monoxide
d nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide

5 an ion contains 1 nitrogen atom and 2 hydrogen atoms. it has an h—n-h bond angle of
approximately 105°.
which row is correct?
number of lone
: overall charge
pairs around :
cia) on ion
n inion
a 1 +1
b 2 +1
cc 1 -1
d 2 -1

6 why does iclhave a higher boiling point than br.?
a because of the difference in the bond energies of the covalent bonds within ic/ and br2
b_ because of the difference in the polar nature of ic/ and br.
c_ because of the difference in the number of electrons contained within ic1 and bro
d_ because of the difference in the relative molecular mass of ic/ and br2

7 in this question you may assume that nitrogen behaves as an ideal gas. one atmosphere
pressure = 101 kpa.
which volume does 1.0g of nitrogen occupy at 50°c and a pressure of 2.0 atmospheres?
a 70cm? b  150cm? c 470cm* d 950cm?

8 which statement about the properties associated with the different types of bonding involved is

correct?

a any covalent compound that contains both oxygen and hydrogen in its molecule forms
hydrogen bonds.

b__lonic bonds and covalent bonds cannot both occur in the same compound.

c_lonic compounds differ from metals in that ionic compounds do not conduct electricity in the
solid state.

d_ the only covalent compounds with high melting points are those in which hydrogen bonds
occur.

9 for which reaction is the enthalpy change an enthalpy change of formation?
a c(g) + 2h2(g) > cha(g)
b  znz2(g) + 7 02(g) > no(g)
c naso(s) + so3(g) > nazso,(s)
d pcl3(g) + cla(g) > pcls(g)

10 two standard enthalpy change of formation values are given.
ah? [vcly] = -452kj mol
ah? [vcls] = -573kj mol
what is the enthalpy change for the reaction 3vclz > 2vcl3 + v?
a -210kjmol' b -121kjmol' © +121kjmol' d +210kjmor"

11. equations for some reactions of hydrogen peroxide are given.
1 2fe** + ho. + 2h* — 2fe* + 2h,o
2 2mno, + 5h2o2 + 6h* — 2mn?* + 8h2o + 50,
3 2fe* + h,o, + 20h > 2fe** + o, + 2h,o0
in which reactions is hydrogen peroxide acting as a reducing agent?
a 1and3 b 1only c 2and3 d 2only

12 the equation for the reaction of aqueous thiosulfate ions, s.0,7, and aqueous dioxo-vanadium
ions, vo", is shown.
28,0377 + xvo.* + yh* > s4o,7 + zvo7* + 2h,o
which row shows two correct statements about the equation for this reaction?
comparison of x and y to z ehenge is gxidetiie
p y number of vanadium
a xx and z are the same value from +4 to +5
and quarter the value of y
b x and z are the same value from +5 to +4
and quarter the value of y
cc x and z are the same value from +5 to +4
and half the value of y
d xx and z are the same value from +4 to +5
and half the value of y

13 when some solid cas(po4)30h is added to a beaker of water, an equilibrium is set up.
cas(po,)30h(s) = 5ca**(aq) + 3po,*(aq) + oh (aq)
which compound, when added to the equilibrium mixture, increases the amount of
cas(po4)3oh(s) present?
a nb; b nh,cl c ch3co2h d nacl

14 gaseous hydrogen and gaseous iodine react to form gaseous hydrogen iodide.
h2(g) + l(g) = 2hi(g)
in an experiment, 2.0mol of hydrogen and 2.0 mol of iodine are placed in a sealed container of
volume 1.0dm*.
the k, value for this reaction under the conditions used is 9.0.
how many moles of hydrogen iodide are present at equilibrium?
a 0.57 mol b 1.2mol c 1.5mol d 2.4mol

15 why does the rate of a gaseous reaction increase when the pressure is increased at a constant
temperature?
a more particles have energy that exceeds the activation energy.
b_ the particles have more space in which to move.
c_ the particles move faster.
d_ there are more frequent collisions between particles.

16 the boltzmann distribution for a mixture of gases capable of reaction is shown.
the two curves represent the mixture of gases at 25°c and at 35°c. the activation energies for
the catalysed and uncatalysed reactions are shown.

e, catalysed
number of
particles w _—, uncatalysed
x
0
0 zz
energy
which row is correct?
number of particles with number of particles with
enough energy to react at 25°c enough energy to react at 35°c
in the catalysed reaction in the uncatalysed reaction
a wtxtytz zz
b wtxtytz ae
cc yrz 4
d yrz xe zz

17 which oxide is insoluble in aqueous sodium hydroxide?
a mgo b_ al203 c p4010 d so,

18 sodium and sulfur are burned separately in oxygen.
each reaction has a distinctive coloured flame.
which row is correct?

[ [ro [ sto |
a white flame blue flame
b white flame yellow flame
cc yellow flame blue flame
d yellow flame yellow flame

19 xand y are elements in period 3 of the periodic table.
y has a greater atomic number than x.
the stable ion formed by y has a greater radius than the stable ion formed by x.
the stable ion formed by y has 18 electrons.
which row is correct?
| | aaa | see |
electrons in the the greater
stable ion of x atomic radius
a 10 xx
b 10 i
cc 18 xx
d 18 ¥

20 x is a group 2 element in either period 3 or period 5. x(oh)2 is less soluble in water than
ca(oh)s.
when x(nos)z is heated, it decomposes.
which row is correct?
| seve cain
a mg x(no3)2 > x + 2noz + oz
b mg 2x(no3)2 + 2xo + 4no2 + oo
cc sr x(no3)2 > x + 2no2 + o2
d sr 2x(no3)2 > 2xo + 4no, + o2

21 which statement comparing magnesium and barium, or their compounds, is correct?

a magnesium reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid more rapidly than barium does.

b one mole of magnesium carbonate gives off a greater amount of gas when it reacts with an
excess of dilute hydrochloric acid than one mole of barium carbonate does.

c_ the solubility of magnesium sulfate in water is greater than the solubility of barium sulfate in
water.

d magnesium carbonate undergoes thermal decomposition less readily than barium carbonate
does.

22 the colours of the silver halides agcl, agbr and agi differ.
the solubilities of these halides in aqueous ammonia also differ.
which row is correct?
[fae | a
most soluble in nh3(aq)

a cream agcl

b cream agi

cc yellow agcl

d yellow agi

23 the name ‘chlorate’ is used for an anion consisting of chlorine and oxygen only.

in a molecule of ici, the iodine atom has oxidation number x and the chlorine atom has oxidation

number y.

when iclis added to h20, iodine is reduced.

4icl + 2h20 > 4hci + o2 + 21,

which statement about the value of x or y is correct?

a xis the same as the oxidation number of clin the chlorate ion formed when cl,(aq) is added
to cold naoh(aq).

b_ xis the same as the oxidation number of clin the chlorate ion formed when cl2(aq) is added
to hot naoh(aq).

c_yis the same as the oxidation number of clin the chlorate ion formed when cl,(aq) is added
to cold naoh(aq).

d_yis the same as the oxidation number of clin the chlorate ion formed when cl,(aq) is added
to hot naoh(aq).

24 which statement is correct?
a anammonium ion is basic due to a lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom.
b_ nitrogen monoxide, no, reacts with peroxyacetyl nitrate to produce a component of
photochemical smog.
c_ nitrogen dioxide catalyses the oxidation of atmospheric sulfur dioxide.
d_ nitrogen is very unreactive due to the very strong permanent dipole—permanent dipole
attractions between the nitrogen atoms.

25 the diagram shows the structural formula of a hydrocarbon molecule q.
molecule q
i boa zh
h—c—h |
h | c—h h
ro ee ee
! !
how many of the carbon atoms in molecule q are sp? hybridised?
a 3 b 4 cc 7 d 10

26 compound x is found in cell walls of some bacteria. its structural formula is shown.
compound x
ch3(ch2)47ch=ch(ch2);7ch(oh)ch(ch3)co2h
how many stereoisomers are there with this structural formula?
a 2 b 4 cc 6 d 8

27 structural isomerism only should be considered when answering this question.
how many straight-chain isomers are there with molecular formula c,hgcl2?
a 6 b 7 cc 8 dq

28 what is true of every nucleophile?
a lt attacks a double bond.
b_ it donates a lone pair of electrons.
c_ itis asingle atom.
d_ itis negatively charged.

29 the diagram shows a synthetic route to produce 1-methylcyclohexanol.
ch; ch, oh
hbr product heat
——<—<—_— —
x reagent y
what is reagent y?
a aqueous naoh
b_ cold dilute kmno,
c_ ethanolic naoh
d_ hot concentrated kmno,

30 x and y are the reagents required to convert 1-bromopropane into butanoic acid.
h h h h h h h h h fe)
| | | x | | | y | | l g
en an en ne ees
h h h h h h h hh oh
what are the correct identities of reagents x and y?
a ee eee
a nh3 hcl(aq)
b kcn in c2hs0h naoh(aq)
cc kcn in c2hs0h hcl(aq)
d hcn naoh(aq)

31 the table shows three sets of reagents and reaction conditions.
[reagents [retin onatons |

q ch2c(ch3)ch3 and hc1(g) room temperature

2 ch3c(ch3)(oh)ch3 and soci2 room temperature

3 ch3ch(ch3)ch3 and cl2 the presence of ultraviolet light
which sets of reagents and conditions can be used to produce 2-chloro-2-methylpropane as one
of the organic products?
a 1,2and3 b 1tand2only c 1and3only d 2and3only

32 what are the only structures formed when butan-2-ol is heated with concentrated h2so4?
ch,ch, h ch, h

. \ 7
f yy y,

h h h ch,

ch, ch, ch, h h h
\ ae \. jf

c=c c=c cc

/ \ ff %* ¢f

h h h ch, ch,ch, h

h h h h
\ sf \

cc c=c c=c
/ xn e *
ch,ch, h ch, ch,

ch, h ch,ch, h h h

a \ "of
c=c c=c c=c

/ \ / \ /f/ \

ch, h h h ch, ch,

33 the compound ‘leaf alcohol’ is partly responsible for the smell of new-mown grass.
leaf alcohol
ch3ch2zch=chch2ch20h
what will be formed when ‘leaf alcohol’ is oxidised using an excess of hot acidified kzcr.07(aq)?
a  ch3ch2ch(oh)ch(oh)ch2co2h
b ch3ch,cococh2co2h
c ch3sch2zch=chch2co2h
d ch3ch2co2h and ho2,cch2co2h

34 compound xx:

e does not react with tollens’ reagent
e forms a yellow precipitate with alkaline i,(aq)
e does not react with sodium.

what could be the identity of x?

a ch3cho

b  c,hscoch3

c ch3cooc;hs

d ch3chohch;

35 which compound can undergo nucleophilic addition?
a_ bromoethane, c2hsbr
b~ ethanal, ch;cho
c_ ethane, c2h,
d_ ethene, c2h,

36 c2hscoochs is reacted with aqueous acid.
the products from this reaction are reacted with lialh, to form two molecules y and z.
what are the identities of molecules y and z?
a both molecules are c2hs0h
b  ch30oh and ch3;chohch;
c ch30h and c2hs0h
d  ch3oh and czhsch2oh

37 a-sample of propanoic acid of mass 3.70g reacts with an excess of magnesium.
a second sample of propanoic acid of mass 3.70g reacts with an excess of sodium.
both reactions go to completion forming a gas.

which row is correct?
| sa" | “rt
with magnesium with sodium
at s.t.p./cm? at s.t.p./cm®
a 560 560
b 560 1120
cc 1120 560
d 1120 1120

38 which statement about hxc=c(ch3)ch2co2chs is correct?
a _itcan be hydrolysed to a secondary alcohol.
b_ it can be made using ethanoic acid and a suitable alcohol.
c_ it gives a positive test with alkaline i,(aq).
d —- treated with hot concentrated acidified kmno, it gives ch;coch2cooh as one
product.

39 synthetic resins can be made by polymerisation of a variety of monomers _ including

prop-2-en-1-ol, ch2=chch2oh.
which structure represents the repeat unit in the polymer poly(prop-2-en-1-ol)?
a +ch,—ch,—ch—o-+
b +ch,— a

ch,oh
c fch= rt

ch,oh
pb +ch,—ch,— ve

oh

40 vitamin c has the structure shown.
ho
ho fe)
o
=
ho
oh

the mass spectrum of vitamin c has a molecular ion peak with an m/e value of 176 and a relative
abundance of 7.0%.
what is the abundance of the m +1 peak?
a 0.462% b 0.539% c 0.616% d 0.693%

Solve 9701_w24_qp_12