chemistry

1 in this question q is used to represent a halogen atom.
magnesium and calcium each form a compound with chlorine and a compound with bromine.
one of these compounds contains:
e the element in group 2 with the higher first ionisation energy and
e the element in group 17 with the higher q—q bond energy.
what is the formula of this compound?
a mgcl, b  mgbr2 c cacl, d cabr,

2 compound x contains two elements, y and z.
element y is in period 2 of the periodic table. in one atom of element y, the p sub-shell has all
three orbitals occupied; only one of these three orbitals is fully occupied.
element z is in period 3 of the periodic table. in one atom of element z, the p sub-shell has only
two orbitals occupied.
what is the formula of compound x?
a ccl, b_ sicl, c sio, d so:

3. glauber’s salt consists of crystals of hydrated sodium sulfate, nagso4*xh20, which can be used
for the manufacture of detergents.
when a sample of glauber’s salt was heated, 1.91g of water was removed leaving 1.519 of
anhydrous na2so,.
what is the value of x in nazso4*xh20?
a 1 b_ 8.85 cc 10 d 11.25

4 what contains the greatest number of the named particles?
a 6.0dm* of argon atoms at room conditions
b_ 6.0g of carbon dioxide molecules
c_ 6.0g of magnesium atoms
d_ 6.0g of water molecules

5 phosphorus forms a compound with hydrogen called phosphine, ph3. this compound can react
with a hydrogen ion, h*.
which type of interaction occurs between ph3 and h*?
a dative covalent bond
b_ dipole-dipole forces
c hydrogen bond
d_ ionic bond

6 the graphs show trends in four physical properties of elements in period 3, excluding argon.
which graph has electronegativity on the y-axis?
a b
na mg al si p s cl na mg al si p s cl
cc d
na mg al si p s cl na mg al si p s cl

7 the element tin exists in two forms, grey tin and white tin.
some properties of grey tin and white tin are shown.
aeeytin tots]

boiling point/k 2543 2533
electrical conductivity none in solid or liquid good in solid and liquid
malleability brittle malleable

which structural change might take place when grey tin changes to white tin?

a giant covalent to giant ionic

b giant covalent to giant metallic

c giant ionic to giant covalent

d giant ionic to giant metallic

8 which solid has a simple molecular lattice?
a calcium fluoride
b nickel
c - silicon(iv) oxide
d - sulfur

9 the standard enthalpy change of combustion of carbon is —-394 kj mol”.
the standard enthalpy change of combustion of hydrogen is —-286 kj mol”.
the standard enthalpy change of formation of butane is —-129kj mol".
what is the standard enthalpy change of combustion of butane?

a -551kj mol"

b -2877kj mol"
c -3135kj mol"
d -4307kj mol

10 three processes are described.
1 h*(aq) + oh(aq) > h20(1)
2  ch,«(g) + 202(g) > co.(g) + 2h20(i)
3 nh3(g) > nhsa(!)
which statement is correct?
a_ none of the processes have a positive enthalpy change.
b_ only process 1 has a positive enthalpy change.
c_ only process 2 has a positive enthalpy change.
d_ only process 3 has a positive enthalpy change.

11 in alkaline solution, mno," ions oxidise so37" ions to so," ions. the mno," ions are reduced to
mnoo>.
what is the ratio of the two ions in the balanced chemical equation for this reaction?
[ [mon | so
a 2 3
b 3 2
cc 4 7
d 7 4

12 lithium reacts with nitrogen at room temperature to form solid li3n.
three vessels of equal volume are connected by taps 1 and 2 as shown.
= =
evacuated [i] n,(g) + 3h,(g) == 2nh,(g) [i]
2 yo iis
at the start, taps 1 and 2 are closed, the left-hand vessel is evacuated, the middle vessel has the
indicated reaction at equilibrium and the right-hand vessel contains lithium only.
which action would allow the equilibrium mixture to contain the most ammonia?
a_ keep both taps 1 and 2 closed.
b open both taps 1 and 2.
c open tap 1 only.
d open tap 2 only.

13 when 0.20 mol of hydrogen gas and 0.15 mol of iodine gas are heated at 723 k until equilibrium is
established, the equilibrium mixture contains 0.26 mol of hydrogen iodide.
the equation for the reaction is as follows.
ha(g) + l(g) = 2hi(g)
what is the correct expression for the equilibrium constant k,?
a _2%0.26 bp (2% 0.26)" c (0.26)* d (0.26)?
0.20 x 0.15 0.20 x 0.15 0.07 x 0.02 0.13 x 0.13

14 in acidic conditions, iodine reacts with propanone in a substitution reaction.
ch3coch,(aq) + in(aq) — chscoch2i(aq) + hi(aq)
the kinetics of the reaction are investigated using a colorimeter. as the i, reacts, the
yellow/brown colour of the i2(aq) fades to colourless, changing the absorbance of the solution.
known concentrations of i,(aq) are used to prepare a calibration curve graph and the absorbance
is then measured as the reaction proceeds.
calibration curve using known
concentrations of i,(aq) absorbance during reaction
0.30 0.6
0.25 0.5
concentration 0.20 0.4
of iodine 0.15 absorbance 0.3
x 10 moldm 9.40 0.2
0.05 0.1
0 0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0 20 30 40 50 60
absorbance time/s
what is the rate of reaction at 20s?
a 5x10°moldm*?s*
b 1x 10°moldm?s*
c 5x10%moldm?s*
d 1x 10?moldm?s*

15 the diagram shows a boltzmann distribution curve.
the axes are not labelled.
point y samey
point x hopes een iici e
ey
points x and y are points on the vertical axis.
what is represented by both points x and y?
ee
a number of molecules largest number of molecules
with energy equal to e, with the same energy
b number of molecules with largest number of molecules
energy equal to or greater than ea with the same energy
cc number of molecules the amount of energy of the
with energy equal to e, greatest number of molecules
d number of molecules with the amount of energy of the
energy equal to or greater than e, greatest number of molecules

16 what are the acid—base nature and structure of so2?
[est tasenatre | stuctre |
a acidic giant covalent lattice
b acidic simple molecular
cc basic giant covalent lattice
d basic simple molecular

17 elements x and y are in period 3 of the periodic table. element x is either phosphorus or sulfur.
element y is either sodium or magnesium.
element x forms an oxide that reacts with water to give a solution containing the aqueous anion
xo,".
one mole of element y reacts with one mole of chlorine molecules. at the end of the reaction, all
of the element y and all of the chlorine molecules have been used up.
what are elements x and y?
a ee
a phosphorus sodium
b phosphorus magnesium
cc sulfur sodium
d sulfur magnesium

18 q is a semi-conductor. the chloride of q reacts with water to form white fumes and an acidic
solution.
which period 3 element is q?
a magnesium
bs aluminium
c silicon
d_ phosphorus

19 vand w are two compounds. each one contains a different group 2 element.
a sample of each solid is added to water, shaken, and the ph of the resulting solution is
measured.
which row could identify v and w?
pf ov tw
a baso, mgso,
b mgso, baso,
cc ba(oh). mg(oh)2
d mg(oh)2 ba(oh)2

20 compound l decomposes on heating. one of the products is gas m.
m reacts with unburned hydrocarbons to form peroxyacetyl nitrate, pan.
what could be the formula of l?
a cano; b  ca(nos)2 c mgco3 d mg(cosz)2

21 in reaction 1, concentrated sulfuric acid is added to potassium chloride and the fumes produced
are bubbled into aqueous potassium iodide solution.
in reaction 2, potassium chloride is dissolved in aqueous ammonia and this is then added to
aqueous silver nitrate.
what are the observations for reactions 1 and 2?
observation for observation for
reaction 1 reaction 2
a brown solution colourless solution
b brown solution white precipitate
cc colourless solution colourless solution
d colourless solution white precipitate

22 the table refers to the hydrogen halides.
which row is correct?
p| endaton tera stab
a easier to oxidise down the group increases down the group
b more difficult to oxidise down the group increases down the group
cc easier to oxidise down the group decreases down the group
d more difficult to oxidise down the group decreases down the group

23 7.5g of nitrogen monoxide reacts with 7.0g of carbon monoxide on the surface of the catalytic
converter in the exhaust system of a car.
what is the total volume of the product gases measured at room conditions?
a 3.0dm* b  6.0dm? c 9.0dm* d 12.0dm°

24 three statements about ammonia molecules and ammonium ions are given.
1 in aqueous solution, ammonia molecules form coordinate bonds with hydroxide
ions.
2 ammonium ions are bronsted—lowry acids.
3 the h-n-h bond angle is larger in the ammonium ion than in the ammonia
molecule.
which statements are correct?
a ‘iand2only b 1and3only c 2and3only d 1,2and3

25 ethene reacts with steam in the presence of sulfuric acid.
c2h, + h20 - ch3ch20h
which type of reaction is this?
a_ acid-base
b_ addition
c hydrolysis
d substitution

26 compound z has the molecular formula c,hgo2.
compound z reacts with propan-1-ol in the presence of concentrated h2sox.
the diagram shows the skeletal formulae of three compounds, s, t and u.
ss t u
oo o oo
sa ae ca ak pgh
what are the possible skeletal formulae of the products of the reaction between compound z and
propan-1-ol?
a sandt b- uonly c sandu d_ tonly

27 geraniol and nerol are isomers of each other.
geraniol nerol
ie ii
cc. ch,oh c h
2
ho “se hc “se
| h | ch,oh
h.c hc hc h.c
wy e ee .;
f/f \% / \
h,c h h,c h
which type of isomerism is shown here?
a chain
b geometrical (cis/trans)
c_ optical
d positional

28 which compound has the greatest number of stereoisomers?
a 2-methylhex-2-ene
b  3-methylhex-2-ene
c 4-methylhex-2-ene
d  5-methylhex-2-ene

29 vitamin a contains retinol.
retinol
eek oh

under appropriate conditions, acidified kmno.(aq) can be used to break c=c bonds.
after these bonds have been broken, further oxidation of the fragments may occur.
under which conditions is the acidified kmno,(aq) used and what do the final oxidation products
include?
| | conditions —_| final oxidation products

a cold, dilute aldehydes and carboxylic acids

b cold, dilute ketones and carboxylic acids

cc hot, concentrated aldehydes and carboxylic acids

d hot, concentrated ketones and carboxylic acids

30 the structure of limonene is shown.
limonene
°
what are the number of moles of carbon dioxide and water produced when a sample of limonene
is completely combusted in oxygen?
number of moles | number of moles
of carbon dioxide of water
a 4 3
b 5 4
cc 5 8
d 9 7

31 the reaction of chlorine with methane is carried out in the presence of light.
what is the function of the light?
a to break the c-h bonds in methane
b to break the chlorine molecules into atoms
c to break the chlorine molecules into ions
d_ to heat the mixture

32 when x is added to naoh(aq) and heated under reflux, pentan-2-ol is made.
which organic product is made when x is heated with a solution of kcn dissolved in ethanol?
a b cc d
gay, itll ane pgh g™ ™
on dn

33 1-chlorobutane and 1-iodobutane both react with aqueous sodium hydroxide by a nucleophilic
substitution mechanism.
which reaction has the greatest rate under the same conditions and which mechanism is
followed by this reaction?
a 1-chlorobutane sn1
b 1-chlorobutane sn2
cc 1-iodobutane sn1
d 1-iodobutane sn2

34 compound y reacts with alkaline i2(aq). when the products of this reaction are acidified, a
dicarboxylic acid is produced. the formula of the dicarboxylic acid is hooc-r-cooh where r
consists of one or more ch2 groups.

which compound is y?
a _pentan-1,4-diol
b __ pentan-1,5-diol
c _pentan-2,3-diol
d_pentan-2,4-diol

35 which alcohol gives only one possible oxidation product when warmed with dilute acidified
potassium dichromate(vi)?
a _butan-1-ol
b_ butan-2-ol
c 2-methylpropan-1-ol
d  2-methylpropan-2-ol

36 which compound, on reaction with hydrogen cyanide, produces a compound with a chiral centre?
a ch3;cho
b  ch3ch2coch2ch3
c ch3co2ch3
d hcho

37 the diagram shows three reactions of ethanal. in each case, an excess of ethanal is used.
solid 2
alkaline i,(aq)
heat
acidified k,cr,o fehling’s solution
solution 1 <—————>>* 7" etharial _—_ ie solid 3
heat ch,cho boil
observations are made after each of the three reactions.
what are the colours of solution 1 and solids 2 and 3?
[| satton + [sais [sates
a green yellow silver mirror
b green yellow red
cc orange red silver mirror
d orange red red

38 (ch3)3ccn reacts to form alcohol y via the reaction sequence shown.
h*(aq) lialh,
(ch,),;ccn ——————® x ——————~ alcohol y
reaction 1 reaction 2
which row names the molecule x and the class of alcohol y?
| | name of molecule x class of alcohol y
a 2,2-dimethylbutanoic acid primary
b 3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid tertiary
cc dimethylpropanoic acid primary
d dimethylpropanoic acid tertiary

39 the diagram shows a section of an addition polymer. the polymer is made using two different
monomers.
\ ll \ ch, \ cl \ ch,
je fe le lef
cl ch,ch, cl cl ch,ch, cl ci ch,

what are the names of the two monomers needed to make this polymer?
a 1,2-dichloropropene and 2-chlorobut-2-ene
b2,3-dichlorobut-2-ene and chloropropene
c_ 1,2-dichloropropene and chloroethene
d_ chloropropene and 2-chlorobut-2-ene

40 the diagram shows the mass spectrum of a sample of chlorine. peaks v, w, x, y and z are
labelled.
100
xx
v
80
¥
60
relative
intensity
40
ww
20
z
0.0
30 40 50 60 70 80
mie
which statements about this spectrum are correct?
1 the relative atomic mass of chlorine can be calculated from the abundances and
m/e values of 2 of the 5 peaks.
2  37.0g of the species responsible for peak z contains 3.011 x 10*° molecules.
3. the relative molecular mass of chlorine can be calculated from the abundances and
m/e values of peaks x, y and z.
a 1,2and3 b 1dand2only c 1and3only d = 2and3only

Solve 9701_w24_qp_13