physics

1 what represents a physical quantity?
a 3.0
b_ kilogram
cc 7.0n
d 40%

2 the relationship between the variables d and t is given by the equation
the
where b and c are constants.
the unit of d is m? and the unit of tis s.
what are the units of b and c?
| enitore | oitore |
a ms s
b ms" s"
c m's s
d m's" so

3 a hollow cylinder, which is open at both ends, has a radius of (3.0 + 0.1)cm and a length of
(15.0 + 0.1)cm.
what is the value, with its absolute uncertainty, of the surface area of the cylinder?
a (280 + 10)cm?
b (282.7 + 0.2) cm?
c (420 +30)cm?
d (424.1 +0.3)cm?

4 a snooker ball of mass 0.20kg has a collision so that its direction of movement changes by an
angle of 90°, as shown.
snooker ball, 0.30ms"
mass 0.20kg
9 0.40ms"
before the collision after the collision
the ball has a speed of 0.40ms" before the collision and a speed of 0.30ms" after the collision.
what is the magnitude of the change in momentum of the snooker ball?
a 0.020kgms"
b 0.10kgms"
c 0.14kgms"
d 0.50kgms™

5 a ball is kicked upwards at an angle of 45° to horizontal ground. after a short flight, the ball
returns to the ground.
it may be assumed that air resistance is negligible.
what is never zero during the flight of the ball?
a the horizontal component of the ball’s acceleration
b the horizontal component of the ball’s velocity
c the vertical component of the ball’s momentum
d the vertical component of the ball’s velocity

6 the graph shows the variation with time t of the displacement s of an object.
| aad.
0
| t
which graph represents the variation with time t of the acceleration a of the object?
a b
a a
0 0
| t 0 t
cc d
a a
0 0
| t | t

7 which expression defines force?
a_ (mass x change in speed) x time taken
bp  massx change in speed
time taken
c_ (change of momentum) x time taken
d change of momentum
time taken

8 a ship of mass 8.4 x 10’kg is approaching a harbour with speed 16.4ms~‘. by using reverse
thrust it can maintain a constant total stopping force of 920000n.
how long will it take to stop?
a 15 seconds
b 150 seconds
c 25 minutes
d 250 minutes

9 the velocity—time graphs of four different objects are shown.
which graph represents an object falling from rest through a long distance in the earth’s
atmosphere?
a b
velocity velocity
0 0
0 time 0 time
cc d
velocity velocity
0 0
0 time 0 time

10 which statement about collisions is correct?
a kinetic energy is conserved in all collisions.
b momentum is only conserved in perfectly elastic collisions.
c_ the relative speed of approach is equal to the relative speed of separation for perfectly
elastic collisions.
d when two objects of different masses collide, they exert forces of different magnitudes on
each other.

11 a satellite uses two thrusters to adjust its motion in space.
each thruster exerts a force of 40n on the satellite. the line of action of each force is a
perpendicular distance of 2.3m from the centre of gravity of the satellite. these two parallel
forces act in opposite directions.
[all
|
ail
ll lil 40n
i. 2.3m h
a) 7! i thruster
thrust v
ruster ~ [\ h 2a
40n al ‘
satellite tt
wail
| jill
what are the magnitudes of the torque and the resultant force acting on the satellite due to the
two thrust forces?
torque resultant
/nm force/n
a 92 0
b 92 80
cc 180 0
d 180 80

12 the diagrams show two ways of hanging the same picture.
a r,
il
nai ny r, ff re
qt, t,

diagram 1 diagram 2
in both cases, a string is attached to the same points on the picture and looped symmetrically
over a nail in a wall. the forces shown are those that act on the nail.
in diagram 1, the string loop is shorter than in diagram 2.
which information about the magnitude of the forces is correct?
a r, = ro t; = to
b ri:=r. t, > to
c r>r t, < t2
d ri<r. t; = to

13 an object shaped as a hemisphere rests with its flat surface on a table. the object has radius r
and density p.
_f fn_
table
the volume of a sphere is anr’,
which average pressure does the object exert on the table?
a tor b_ tpr’g c 2pr d 2prg

14 a probe is used to monitor the quality of the water in the sea. the probe is suspended by a
vertical string which is attached to a sphere. the stationary sphere floats in equilibrium on the
surface of the sea, as shown.

sphere
air
sea
string
probe

the sphere has a weight of 5.00n. the probe and string have a combined weight of 2.00n.
the density of the seawater is 1.03 x 10°kgm™. the upthrust acting on the probe and thread is
negligible.
what is the volume of the sphere below the surface of the sea?
a 1.98 x 10m?
b 2.97x10“*m*
c 4.95x10%m*
d 6.93 x 10“*m°®

15 what is the centre of gravity of an object?
a_ the geometrical centre of the object
b _ the point at which the weight of the object may be considered to act
c the point on the object about which there is a zero net torque
d the point where gravity acts on the object

16 asystem with an efficiency of 74% wastes 230 w of power.
what is the useful output power of the system?
a 170w b 310w cc 650w d 880w

17 a projectile of mass 0.25kg is at a height of 30m above horizontal ground and travelling at a
speed of 15ms™‘. a short time later, it is at a height of 35m above the horizontal ground and
travelling ata speed of 5.0ms™.

how much work is done against air resistance during this time?
a oj b 13j c 25j d 37j

18 a spring has an unstretched length of 4.50cm. the spring is fixed at one end and a force of
35.0n is applied to the other end so that the spring extends.
the spring obeys hooke’s law and has a spring constant of 420nm"".
what is the strain of the extended spring?
a 0.019 b_ 0.083 c 1.85 d 2.67

19 awire is fixed at one end and extended by a force that is applied to the other end. the force is
slowly increased from zero and then slowly decreased back to zero.
the force—extension graph for the wire is shown.
force —
0
0 extension
the graph line for the wire being loaded is the same as the graph line for the wire being
unloaded.
which statement describes the deformation of the wire?
a _itis both elastic and plastic.
b itis elastic only.
c itis neither elastic nor plastic.
d_itis plastic only.

20 in a progressive water wave, two particles, p and q, on the surface of the water, are a fixed
horizontal distance apart. p and q oscillate vertically.
at time t = 0, the wave is as shown.
pp surface of water
on ny
which graph best represents the variation with time t of the phase difference ¢ between the
oscillation of the water particle p and the oscillation of the water particle q?
a b
o d
0 0
t | t
c d
0 0
0 t t

21 which statement about longitudinal waves and transverse waves is not correct?
a_ both waves can be polarised.
b_ both waves can form stationary waves.
c_ both waves can transfer energy as progressive waves.
d_ both waves obey the equation v = fa.

22 an observer hears a sound wave emitted from a moving source.
the observed frequency is less than the frequency of sound emitted from the source.
what could be the reason for this?
a_ the source is moving away from the observer.
b_ the source is moving towards the observer.
c_ the speed of the sound wave in air decreases due to the movement of the source.
d_ the speed of the sound wave in air increases due to the movement of the source.

23 what is the approximate range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation visible to the human
eye?
a (430-750) khz
b (430-750) mhz
c (430-750) ghz
d (430-750) thz

24 a beam of vertically polarised light is incident normally on a polarising filter. the filter can be
rotated so that it is always in a plane perpendicular to the beam. the transmission axis of the
filter is initially vertical.

beam of vertically
polarised light waves
rs transmission axis
7 of polarising filter
polarising filter transmitted light
the filter is first rotated clockwise by an angle of 30° so that the transmitted light waves have
intensity iz0.the filter is then rotated clockwise by a further angle of 30°.
what is the new intensity of the transmitted light waves?
a 0.25129 b 0.33 iso c 0.75 i39 d 0.87 [30

25 a musical instrument is made using a long tube with a mouthpiece at one end. the other end is

open and flared, as shown.
a .,
i

a musician maintains stationary sound waves with a node at the mouthpiece and an antinode at

the other end. the lowest frequency of sound that the instrument can produce is 92 hz.

which different frequencies of sound can be produced by the instrument?

a 92hz, 138hz, 184hz, 230hz

b  92hz, 184hz, 276 hz, 368hz

c 92hz, 276 hz, 460 hz, 644 hz

d = 92hz, 276 hz, 828hz, 1288 hz

26 two waves of equal frequency and amplitude are travelling in opposite directions along a stretched
string. when they meet, they form a stationary wave with three nodes and two antinodes.
the frequency of both waves is doubled and a new stationary wave is formed.
how many antinodes are there in the new stationary wave?
a 1 b 2 cc 3 d 4

27 a transmitting mast sends out microwaves of wavelength 1.5cm and radio waves of wavelength
1.5km.
| mountain |
transmitting receiving
mast aerial
not to scale

a receiving aerial behind a mountain can detect the radio waves but not the microwaves.
what is the reason for this?
a_ the radio waves are coherent but the microwaves are not.
b_ the radio waves are diffracted around the mountain but the microwaves are not.
c_ the radio waves are reflected by the mountain but the microwaves are not.
d_ the radio waves travel at the speed of light but the microwaves do not.

28 waves are emitted from two coherent sources.
which statement about the waves must be correct?
a they are in phase.
b_ they are transverse waves.
c_ they have a constant phase difference.
d_ they have the same amplitude.

29 the diagram shows a screen that is a distance l from a diffraction grating. the grating has a total
number of n lines. any two adjacent lines are a distance d apart. a beam of parallel light of
wavelength j is incident normally on the grating.

screen
not to
diffraction scale
grating
beat first-order maxima
of light "
| f
which quantities affect the distance between the first-order diffraction maxima on the screen?
popa pate tn
a v v v x key
b v jv x x / = affects the distance
cc v x v v x = does not affect the distance
d x v x v

30 awire carries a current of 0.10 ua. the potential difference across the wire is 10 mv.
how much energy is dissipated by the wire in a time of 10s?
a 1.0pj b 10pj c 1.0nj d 10nj

31 what is the definition of the potential difference across an electrical component?
a energy transferred per unit charge
b_ energy transferred per unit current
c_ energy transferred per unit resistance
d_ energy transferred per unit time

32 which graph represents the way the current j through a filament lamp varies with the potential
difference v across it?
a b cc d
i i wh il
0 0 0 0
0 vv 0 vi 0 v 0 v

33 the table shows the properties of two different wires, p and q.
length resistance base wiby
of material
wire p l r p
wire q 21 +r tp
wire p has a cross-section of diameter d.
what is the diameter of the cross-section of wire q?
a 0.41d b 1.6d c 2.7d d 7.1d

34 acell has a constant electromotive force.

a variable resistor is connected between the terminals of the cell.

the resistance of the variable resistor is decreased.

which statement about the change of the cell’s terminal potential difference (p.d.) is correct?

a the terminal p.d. is decreased because more work is done moving unit charge through the
internal resistance of the cell.

b_ the terminal p.d. is decreased because the current in the variable resistor is decreased.

c_ the terminal p.d. is increased because more work is done moving unit charge through the
variable resistor.

d_ the terminal p.d. is increased because the current in the variable resistor is increased.

35 kirchhoff two laws for electric circuits can be derived by using conservation laws.
on which conservation laws do kirchhoff's laws depend?
kirchhoff's kirchhoffs
first law second law
a charge current
b charge energy
cc current mass
d energy current

36 a battery of electromotive force (e.m.f.) 10v and internal resistance r is connected to three
resistors of resistances r, 2.0q and 15q, as shown. a current of 0.45a is in the resistor of
resistance 2.0q and a current of 0.48a is in the resistor of resistance 150.

| 10v
! re
ii [rr
r 045a 2.00
[| [|
0.48a _ 152
[|
what are the values of rand r?
[| ve | ra |
a 3.0 14
b 3.0 20
cc 5.8 14
d 5.8 20

37 a battery of negligible internal resistance is connected in series with a thermistor and a fixed
resistor of resistance 12.0kq, as shown.
a
12.0kq ves
the table shows the resistance of the thermistor at two different temperatures.
temperature resistance of
°c thermistor/kq
20.0 12.0
50.0 5.00
the potential difference v,., across the fixed resistor is 4.50v when the thermistor is at a
temperature of 20.0°c.
what is vout when the thermistor is at a temperature of 50.0°c?
a 2.65v b 3.18v c 6.35v d 10.8v

38 what is a conclusion from the alpha-particle scattering experiment?
a_ protons and electrons have equal but opposite charges.
b_ protons have a much larger mass than electrons.
c_ the nucleus contains most of the mass of the atom.
d_ the nucleus of an atom contains protons and neutrons.

39 americium-241 is a radioactive nuclide used in smoke detectors. it undergoes o-decay to form
nuclide x. this decay may be represented by the equation shown.
“am > 3x + 0
what are the values of a and z?
pf a | zz
a 237 93
b 239 91
cc 241 94
d 241 96

40 atop quark has a charge of +2e, where e is the elementary charge.
what is the charge of an anti top quark?
a -ze b -ie c +e d +2e

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