physics

1. what is a reasonable estimate of the cross-sectional area of the wire in a paper clip?
a 1x 10m? b 8x 10°m? c 8x107%m? d 1x 10°m?

2 which quantity is not an si base quantity?
a charge
b= mass
c_ temperature
d_ time

3 a student determines the acceleration of free fall by using a small metal ball, as shown.
electromagnet ss
as
= 1
p ssa ac =
metal ball electronic timer
oo ‘gee
trapdoor
q--;- e
when switch s is opened, the ball is released from an electromagnet and an electronic timer is
started. the ball then falls vertically downwards. the timer stops when the ball hits a trapdoor.
the student measures the distance pq between the electromagnet and the trapdoor. this
distance and the reading on the timer are then used to calculate the acceleration of free fall.
which statement about errors in the experiment is correct?
a_ the random error can be reduced by adding the diameter of the ball to the distance pq.
b_ the random error can be reduced by subtracting the diameter of the ball from the distance pq.
c_ the systematic error can be reduced by adding the diameter of the ball to the distance pq.
d_ the systematic error can be reduced by subtracting the diameter of the ball from the distance
pq.

4 the diagram shows two coplanar forces, p and q, drawn to scale.
rr
: “d.
force ris given by r= q-p.
which diagram represents r?
a b cc d

5 a parachutist falls from a stationary balloon at time t=0. the velocity-time graph for the
parachutist from time t = 0 until the time when he is just above the ground is shown.
velocity
0
0 p qr s time
which graph best shows the variation with time of the acceleration of the parachutist?
a b
acceleration acceleration
0 0
9 p r s time 0 i r s time
cc d
acceleration acceleration
0 0
0 p qr s time 0 p qr s time

6 a projectile is fired from point p with velocity v at an angle @ to the horizontal. it lands at point q,
a horizontal distance r from p, after time t.
path of projectile
an na
0
oes ne. re earnrrele aelhigtiniied

r
the acceleration of free fall is g. air resistance is negligible.
which equation is correct?
a r=vtcos@é
b r=vtsin@g
c r=vtcos6-19t?
d r=vtsino-1gt?

7 aman stands in a lift that is accelerating vertically downwards, as shown.
lift
acceleration
which statement describes the force exerted by the man on the floor?
a it is equal to the weight of the man.
b itis greater than the force exerted by the floor on the man.
c_ itis less than the force exerted by the floor on the man.
d_itis less than the weight of the man.

8 aball of mass 200g is thrown horizontally with a speed of 20ms™ against a vertical wall.
the ball is in contact with the wall for a time of 0.10s before rebounding back along its original
path with a speed of 10ms™.
what is the average force exerted by the wall on the ball during the collision?
a 20n b 60n c 20kn d 60kn

9 in an experiment, a metal ball is dropped into a viscous liquid. the terminal velocity of the ball in
the liquid is measured.
the experiment is repeated four times. for each repeat, a change is made to one of the following.
1 the density of the metal of the ball
2 the height from which the ball is dropped
3. the density of the liquid
4 the depth of the liquid
which two changes separately affect the terminal velocity of the ball in the liquid?
a iand2 b 1and3 c 2and4 d 3and4

10 two objects move towards each other along the same straight line.
after colliding, the two objects stick together and are stationary.
which statement must be correct?
a the total kinetic energy of the two objects does not change during the collision.
b_ the total momentum of the two objects before the collision is zero.
c_ the two objects have equal mass.
d_ the two objects have the same speed before the collision.

11. a minimum torque of 20nm must be applied to the lid of a jar for it to open. the radius of the lid
is 4.0cm.
i=
-
what is the minimum force f that must act on each side of the lid in order to open it?
a 2.5n b 5.0n c 250n d 500n

12 auniform bar of length l and weight w rests horizontally on two supports x and y.
ib rx ry
i 6
support x support y
ww
support x exerts a vertical force rx at a distance of 2 from one end of the bar.
support y exerts a vertical force ry at the other end of the bar.
the bar is in equilibrium.
what is the ratio reo
ry

a 4 p 2 e 4 p =

2 3 5 5

13 a type of firework is made by connecting two rockets, facing in opposite directions, to a rod, as
shown.
the rod is attached to a frictionless pivot so that the firework can rotate in a vertical plane.
the firework has weight w. the pivot exerts a force r on the rod that is equal and opposite to w.
rod
i d |
_—_—_—* f
rocket = rocket
ww
f a
pivot

each rocket exerts a force of magnitude f on the rod at a perpendicular distance d from the pivot.
the forces exerted by the rockets are always in opposite directions.
air resistance is negligible.
which statement is correct?
a the firework is in equilibrium because the resultant force acting on it is zero.
b_ the firework is in equilibrium because the resultant torque acting on it is zero.
c_ the firework is not in equilibrium because the resultant force acting on it is not zero.
d_ the firework is not in equilibrium because the resultant torque acting on it is not zero.

14 an object of weight w is suspended from a newton meter. when the object is completely
immersed in water, the newton meter reads p. when the object is completely immersed in oil, the
newton meter reads q.

c) @
llp
; q
y y
water oil
| [ff
what is the ratio _ esa oral 2?
density of water
a w=-p bp q=p c w=-p p w-=@
q-p w-p w-q w-p

15 acrate of mass 50kg is pushed a distance of 6.0m along a horizontal surface against a constant
resistive force of 70n. the crate moves at a constant speed. it is then lifted, at a constant speed,
through a vertical distance of 1.2m onto the back of a lorry.

what is the total work done in this process?
a 420j b 480j c 590j d 1000j

16 the input power to a television is p,,. the useful sound and light power emitted by the television
is pout.
what is the efficiency of the television?
a pout b pi prot (e3 pin d prat
pi pa prout pa— pout

17 a builder holding a brick of mass 3000 g drops the brick on his foot.
what is a reasonable estimate of the change in gravitational potential energy of the brick?
a 30j b 300j c 3000j d 30000j

18 an elastic cord of unstretched total length 16.0cm and cross-sectional area 2.0 x 10°°m? is held
horizontally by two smooth pins a distance 8.0cm apart.
the cord obeys hooke’s law. a load of mass 0.40kg is suspended centrally on the cord. the
angle between the two sides of the cord supporting the load is 60°.
‘ unstretched cord f ; ‘
pin pin pin. 80em - pin
$$
a g
8.0cm
cord
8.0cm
|
/—| mass 0.40kg
|
what is the young modulus of the cord material?
a 5.7x10°pa b 1.1x10°pa c 2.3x10°pa d 3.9x10°pa

19 which force—extension graph shows plastic deformation of a sample of material?
a b
force force
a l.
0 extension 0 extension
cc d
force force
ez va
0 extension 0 extension

20 two waves pass through a point p. the graph shows the variation with time t of the displacement s
of the two waves at point p.
s
vin ttt
panne ans
oy tan | ty] tn
o | 2haale/a | to \ ts
ptt ine iza et toa
pi] | | ala tt yt
what is the phase difference between the two waves at point p?
a 0° b 45° cc 90° d 180°

21 which row is correct for both progressive transverse waves and progressive longitudinal waves?
| | transverse waves longitudinal waves
a contain compressions some can travel
and rarefactions in a vacuum
b can be polarised contain compressions
and rarefactions
cc vibrations are perpendicular can be polarised
to the direction of travel of
the wave energy
d some can travel vibrations are perpendicular
in a vacuum to the direction of travel of
the wave energy

22 a toy drone emits a sound of constant frequency 800hz. the speed of the sound in the air is
330ms"'.
the drone moves along a straight path directly towards an observer and then continues in a
straight line directly away from the observer. the speed of the drone is constant.
toy drone
a
;
{| observer
what is the velocity of the drone when the frequency of the sound heard by the observer is
850 hz?
magnitude of direction of velocity
velocity/ms
a 19 away from the observer
b 21 away from the observer
cc 19 towards the observer
d 21 towards the observer

23 which statement about electromagnetic waves in a vacuum is correct?
a infrared waves have shorter wavelengths than visible light waves.
b_ microwaves have longer wavelengths than radio waves.
c ultraviolet waves have higher frequencies than visible light waves.
d_y-rays have lower frequencies than x-rays.

24 vertically polarised microwaves are emitted from a source. the microwaves are detected by a
receiver that is connected to a cathode-ray oscilloscope (cro). the waveform displayed on the
screen of the cro has an amplitude of 2.6 cm.

a metal wire grid that acts as a polarising filter is now placed between the source and the
receiver. the filter is orientated so that the plane of polarisation of the transmitted wave is at an
angle of 20° to the vertical.
source of vertically va oo
polarised microwaves ta polarising filter
transmitted wave
transmission axis 1
of polarising filter
™~ to receiver
the distance between the source and receiver is unchanged. the settings on the cro are also
unchanged.
what is now the amplitude of the waveform displayed on the screen of the cro?
a 0.30cm b 0.89cm c 2.3cm d 24cm

25 in an experiment, a stationary wave is formed on a string stretched horizontally between two fixed
points.
which statement about the experiment is correct?
a at certain times, the string between two nodes is horizontal with all points having zero
displacement.
b_ each point on the string between two antinodes has an oscillation of the same amplitude.
c_ the number of nodes is equal to the number of antinodes.
d two adjacent antinodes oscillate in phase.

26 a musical organ produces notes by blowing air into a set of pipes that are open at one end and
closed at the other.
the speed of sound in the air in the pipes is 320ms™.
what is the lowest frequency of sound produced by a pipe of length 10m?
a 4hz b 8hz c 16hz d 32hz

27 |n an experiment, water waves in a ripple tank are incident on a gap, as shown.
a
—-
al
some diffraction of the water waves is observed.
which change to the experiment would provide a better demonstration of diffraction?
a increase the amplitude of the waves.
b_ increase the frequency of the waves.
c_ increase the wavelength of the waves.
d increase the width of the gap.

28 light of wavelength 2 is emitted from two point sources r and s and falls onto a distant screen.
screen
re not to
scale
p
se
at point p on the screen, the light intensity is zero.
what could explain the zero intensity at p?
a light from the two sources is emitted 180° out of phase and the path difference to p is 32.
b light from the two sources is emitted in phase and the path difference to p is 2.
c light from the two sources is emitted 90° out of phase and the path difference to p is 1.
d light from the two sources is emitted in phase and the path difference to pis 32.

29 a beam of red light of wavelength 720nm is incident normally on a diffraction grating and
produces a diffraction pattern on a screen placed parallel to the grating.
the beam of red light is replaced with a beam of electromagnetic radiation of wavelength xx,
which is incident normally on the same diffraction grating.
the third-order maximum for the electromagnetic radiation of wavelength x is at the same
position on the screen as the second-order maximum for the red light.
what is wavelength x?
a 480nm b 540nm c 960nm d 1100nm

30 the current j in a conductor is given by the equation shown.
i = anvq
what does the letter n represent in this equation?
a charge carried per charge carrier
b number of charge carriers per unit area
c number of charge carriers per unit volume
d total mass of charge carriers per unit volume

31 in the circuit shown, the battery has an electromotive force (e.m.f.) of 6.0v and negligible internal
resistance.
the three resistors each have resistance r.
6.0v
4
r
ld

et
the total power dissipated in the resistor network is 24 w.
what is the value of r?
a 0.509 b 1.00 cc 1.50 d 2.30

32 which graph could show how the resistance r of a filament lamp varies with the applied potential
difference (p.d.) v, as vis increased to the normal operating p.d.?
a b cc d
r r r r
0 0 0 0
0 vv 0 vv 0 v 0 vv

33 a piece of conducting putty is in the shape of a cylinder of length 60mm and diameter 20mm.
the resistance between the ends of the cylinder is 20q.
what is the resistivity of the putty?
a 0.033qm b 0.10qm c 042q0m d 5.2qm

34 which statement about the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of a cell is always correct?
a thee.m-f. is the energy converted from electrical to other forms in the cell.
b_ the e.m-f. is the energy provided by the cell per unit charge passing through it.
c_ the e.m.f. is the potential difference across the internal resistance of the cell.
d_ the e.m.f. is the potential difference across the terminals of the cell.

35 kirchhoff's first and second laws are a consequence of the conservation of which quantities?
a charge and energy
b_ charge and resistance
c mass and energy
d_ mass and resistance

36 a circuit contains a cell of electromotive force e and internal resistance r connected to a resistor

of resistance r. the current in the circuit is j.

=

i r '

i
r

which equation is correct?
a e-ir=ir b e=ir-ir c e+ir=ir d e=ir

37 a potential divider consists of two resistors of resistances r; and r2 connected in series across a
source of potential difference (p.d.) vin. the p.d. across rj is vout.
oo
| .
vin ©
ik ~
o o
which changes to r; and r> will increase the value of vou?
p| ok | km
a doubled doubled
b doubled halved
cc halved doubled
d halved halved

38 two alpha-particles with the same kinetic energy are moving towards, and are then deflected by,
a gold nucleus.
gold nucleus
alpha-particles \
as
which diagram could show the paths of the two alpha-particles?
a b
@
—_
© —\
cc d
@
_ 3
fe

39 which nuclide is formed when uc undergoes p* decay?
a cc b 3c cb d n

40 a particular hadron is composed of three quarks and has zero charge.
what is a possible quark composition of the hadron?
a_ down, down, strange
b_ up, down, strange
cup, up, down
d_ up, up, strange

Solve 9702_w23_qp_11