physics

1. what is the best estimate of the wavelength of green light?
a 260nm b 540nm c 780nm d 920nm

2 ‘in an electric circuit, an ammeter reads 2 pa.
in a second circuit, the ammeter reads 1 ma.
how many times larger is the current in the second circuit compared with the current in the first
circuit?
a 500 b 5000 cc 500000 d 5000000

3  aset of repeated measurements is made of a fixed quantity. an average of these measurements
is calculated.
what is the effect of averaging on the random error and the systematic error in the
measurements?
a random error and systematic error are both reduced.
b_ random error and systematic error are both unaffected.
c_ random error is reduced but systematic error is unaffected.
d_ random error is unaffected but systematic error is reduced.

4 a boat is crossing a river in which the water is moving at a speed of 4.0ms“ from left to right.
river bank
not to
scale }
velocity of
{ water, 4.0ms
al
velocity of boat in @ ;
still water, 6.0ms~ resultant velocity, v
river bank
in still water, the speed of the boat is 6.0ms~'. the boat is directed at an angle @ to a line
perpendicular to the river banks. the resultant velocity v of the boat is in a direction perpendicular
to the river banks.
what are the values of @ and v?
[a [wim |
a 42 45
b 42 7.2
cc 48 45
d 48 7.2

5 a student walks at a constant speed for a distance of 50 m in a time of 40s. the student rests for
a time of 10s and then walks back to the starting point at a constant speed in a time of 30s.
what is the distance—time graph for the motion of the student?

a b
1004 see 100 spe seerecmenemecees
distance/m distance/m
2) se tetas 50+4-------- bom anna nnn ne
0 0
0 20 40 60 80 0 20 40 60 80
time/s time/s
c d
a 00 nil liima”
distance/m distance/m
bo arhes ese ese sorereehee 50 =eeeeeneeess smee
0 0
0 20 40 60 80 0 20 40 60 80
time/s time/s

6 the time taken for an object to fall from rest through a certain distance on mars is ty. the time
taken for the same object to fall from rest through the same distance on earth is te. the
acceleration of free fall on mars is 3.71 ms”.

assume that air resistance is negligible on both earth and mars.
what is the ratio tuy

te
a 0.378 b 0.615 c 1.63 d 2.64

7 which statement about mass is correct?
a_ mass has a magnitude and a direction.
b_ mass resists changes in motion.
c_ the greater the mass of an object, the greater its acceleration when falling in a vacuum.
d_ the mass of an object depends on its location.

8 asnooker ball has a mass of 200g. it hits the cushion of a snooker table and rebounds along its
original path.
the ball arrives at the cushion with a speed of 14.0ms™' and then leaves it with a speed of
7.0ms~. the ball and the cushion are in contact for a time of 0.60s.
what is the average force exerted on the ball by the cushion?
a 1.4n b 2.3n c 4.2n d 7.0n

9 a ball falls from rest through air and eventually reaches a constant velocity.
for this fall, forces x and y vary with time as shown.
force x force y
a k
0 time 0 time
what could be forces x and y?
[tex [ee
a air resistance | resultant force
b air resistance weight
cc upthrust resultant force
d upthrust weight

10 an object x of mass 0.30kg is travelling in a straight line at a constant velocity of 3.0ms"' ona
horizontal frictionless surface. object x collides with a stationary object y of mass 0.50 kg.
after the collision, x moves with a velocity of 2.0ms~ at an angle of 60° to its direction before the
collision. object y moves with a velocity v at an angle of 41° to the direction of x before the
collision, as shown.
om
3.0ms" @) yar
x y jeo"
0.30kg 0.50kg xq 20ms"
before collision after collision
what is the value of v?
a 0.80ms" b 1.2ms* cc 1.6ms™ d 1.8ms*

11. a.uniform rigid beam of length 3.2 m is pivoted at its centre. two children sit at the opposite ends
of the beam, as shown.
child :
mass 24 kg 3.2m
4 @)' child
ial mass 36 kg
ivot ee
ever f\ pes
one child has a mass of 24 kg. the other child has a mass of 36 kg. the heavier child causes one
end of the beam to permanently rest on the ground, so that the beam makes an angle of 20° to
the horizontal ground.
what is the moment of the weight of the 24 kg child about the pivot?
a 72nm b 130nm c 350nm d 380nm

12 two parts of a sailing boat are the mast and the boom. the mast is a vertical rigid beam and the
boom is a horizontal rigid beam. one end of the boom is attached to the mast by a pivot. the
other end of the boom is connected to the mast by a rope, as shown.

rope
mast t
pivot >
200n boom

the rope is at an angle of 40° to the horizontal and exerts a tension force t on the boom. the
weight of the boom is 200n. the mass of the boom is uniformly distributed along its length. the
boom is in equilibrium.
what is the magnitude of t?
a 130n b 160n c 260n d 310n

13 full-fat milk is made up of fat-free milk mixed with fat.
a volume of 1.000 x 10-°m*® of full-fat milk has a mass of 1.035kg. it contains 4.00% fat by
volume.
the density of fat-free milk is 1.040 x 10°kgm™.
what is the density of fat?
a 1.25 x 10’kgm®?
b 9.15 x 10*kgm?
c 9.28 x 10?kgm?
d 1.16 x 10°?kgm™=?

14 which expression for pressure is correct?
a force per unit area
b- mass per unit area
c_ mass per unit volume
d_ weight per unit volume

15 a wooden cylinder floats partially submerged in a bath of water. a force f is applied to the
cylinder until it is just fully submerged.
wooden cylinder
t
water f
ft
| i)
i |
i l
which statement is not correct?
a_ some of the water gains gravitational potential energy.
b_ the cylinder loses gravitational potential energy.
c_ work is done by force f on the cylinder.
d_ work is done by the upthrust on the cylinder.

16 asystem has a useful power output of 4.0 w and a wasted power of 16 w.
what is the efficiency of the system?
a 5.0% b 20% c 25% d 80%

17 a parachutist is falling towards the ground at a constant speed v. the rate at which she is losing
gravitational potential energy is r.
the acceleration of free fall is g.
what is the mass of the parachutist?
2
a gv b r cc 2r d a
r gv v2 2r

18 acopper wire of diameter 1.6mm is stretched within its limit of proportionality by a tensile force of
430n.
the young modulus of copper is 130 gpa.
what is the strain in the wire?
a 41x10" b 1.3x10° cc 1.6x 10° d 5.2x 10°

19 compressive forces are applied normally to the end faces of a cylinder of initial length l. the
cylinder is compressed by the forces so that its length decreases to 0.6l. after the compressive
forces are removed, the cylinder’s length increases to 0.8l.

cylinder
‘<—__________» oe <______» |
‘ l ‘ ' 0.6l ° ‘ 0.8l ‘
before compressive compressive after compressive
forces applied forces applied forces removed
what describes the deformation of the cylinder when its length was 0.6l?
a both elastic and plastic
b elastic only
c plastic only
d neither elastic nor plastic

20 when sound travels through air, the air particles vibrate. a graph of displacement against time for
a single air particle is shown.
displacement
0 0 ot time
which graph shows how the kinetic energy of the air particle varies with time?
a b
kinetic kinetic
energy energy
0 ; 0 ;
0 ot time 0 + ot time
cc d
kinetic kinetic
energy energy
0 f 0 f
0 ot time 0 t ot time

21 awave travels on the surface of water. p, q, r and s are four particles of water on the surface.
the diagram shows the positions of the particles at one instant. the direction of travel of the
wave is from left to right.

direction of wave travel
oo
p
q
ss
which two particles are about to move upwards?
a pandr b pands c rands d qands

22 a loudspeaker emits sound of frequency f,. the loudspeaker is attached to a car that moves with
increasing speed directly towards a stationary observer.
which statement describes the frequency of the sound heard by the observer?
a_ a frequency greater than f, and increasing
ba frequency greater than f, but decreasing
ca frequency less than f, and decreasing
da frequency less than f, but increasing

23 which statement about electromagnetic waves in a vacuum is correct?
a amplitude is inversely proportional to velocity.
b_ frequency is inversely proportional to wavelength.
c intensity is proportional to amplitude.
d_ velocity is proportional to wavelength.

24 a vertically polarised electromagnetic wave of intensity ip is incident normally on a polarising
filter. the transmission axis of the filter is at an angle of 30° to the vertical.
the transmitted wave from the first filter is then incident normally on a second polarising filter.
the transmission axis of this filter is at an angle of 90° to the vertical.
transmission axis .
ay polarising
ya filters
4 ___ transmission axis
vertically polarised
electromagnetic wave
what is the intensity of the wave after passing through the second filter?
a 0 b 0.063 ip c 0.19i d 0.561

25 which statement concerning a stationary wave is correct?
a_ all the particles between two adjacent nodes oscillate in phase.
b_ the amplitude of the stationary wave is equal to the amplitude of one of the waves creating it.
c_ the wavelength of the stationary wave is equal to the separation of two adjacent nodes.
d_ there is no displacement of a particle at an antinode at any time.

26 stationary sound waves can be formed in the air columns of pipes. one type of pipe is closed at
one end and open at the other end. another type of pipe is open at both ends.
which pipe can form a stationary sound wave with the lowest frequency?
a b cc d
2l 2l p- a al
l

27 water waves in a ripple tank are made to pass through a small gap, as shown.
which diagram shows the waves after they have passed through the gap?

a b
») (
\

cc d
1
bn ay

28 light of a single wavelength is incident normally on a double slit. the slit separation can be
varied.
a screen is placed a fixed distance away from the double slit. the screen and double slit are
parallel. a pattern of bright interference fringes is observed on a screen.
—_— | not to
. — > pfe scale
light | fa
$<. |
double
slit screen
which graph best shows the variation of the separation x of the bright interference fringes with
the slit separation a?
a b cc d
‘ lo | / : \ | (—
0 0 0 0
0 a 0 a 0 a 0 a

29 adiffraction grating is used to measure the wavelength of light.
the spacing of the slits in the grating is 1.15x10°m. the angle between the first-order
diffraction maxima is 60.0°, as shown.
grating
light 60.0°
what is the wavelength of the light?
a 288nm b 498nm c 575nm d 996nm

30 what could not be used to create an electric current?
a __alpha-particles
b _beta-particles
c neutrons
d protons

31. what is the definition of the potential difference (p.d.) across a component?
a the energy transferred per unit charge
b_ the energy transferred per unit current
c_ the power transferred per unit charge
d_ the power transferred per unit current

32. the resistance of a filament lamp increases as the current in it increases.
what is the reason for this?
a_ thecharge of each charge carrier increases.
b_ the potential difference across the filament decreases.
c_ the power dissipated by the filament decreases.
d_ the temperature of the filament increases.

33 a battery of electromotive force (e.m.f.) 12v and negligible internal resistance is connected to a
fixed resistor of resistance 40q and a thermistor of resistance ry, as shown.
40q
—s
12v ;
——
ry
initially, the temperature of the thermistor is 15°c and the current in the circuit is 0.10a.
the temperature of the thermistor then changes, which causes the current to increase to 0.12a.
how does the temperature of the thermistor change and what is ry; at the new temperature?
temperature ry at new
of thermistor temperature /q
a increases 60
b decreases 60
cc increases 100
d decreases 100

34 a cell of electromotive force (e.m.f.) 3.0v and internal resistance 0.509 is connected to a
variable resistor, a voltmeter and an ammeter, as shown. the resistance of the variable resistor is
varied.

the reading on the ammeter i and the reading on the voltmeter v are recorded.
: 3.0v
i 0.50q |:
[>
—
which graph shows how v varies with i’?
a b
0.50 3.0
viv viv
0 0
0 6.0 0 0.5
i/a i/a
c d
3.0 6.0
viv viv
0 0
0 6.0 0 3.0
iia iia

35 three resistors, ri, ro and rs, are connected in parallel to a cell. the currents in the resistors are
i,, iz and i3. the potential differences across the resistors are v;, v2 and v3. the current in the
cell is ip. the potential difference across the cell is vo, as shown.

vo
= §9(©
i,
vv,
=>
[|
i, r,
v,
=—_—
[|
i, r,
v,
=_\____©
[|
i, r,
which equation can be obtained by applying kirchhoff's second law to the circuit?
a io > ty = in = tz
b kh=ht+ht+3
cc vo = vv, = v2 = v3
d wy=av, + v2 + v3

36 three resistors, each of resistance r, are connected in a network, as shown.
r
[|
loeb
a. ee

the total resistance between points x and y is 8.0.

what is the value of r?

a 2.72 b 4.00 c 530 d 120

37 a potentiometer and a driver cell of electromotive force (e.m.f.) e are used to measure the e.m.f.

of a new cell.

a sliding contact at p is moved along a resistance wire qr until the reading on the galvanometer

is zero.

driver cell
e
q r
p
new cell

what is an essential requirement for the e.m.f. of the new cell to be measured accurately?

a_ the e.m.f. of the driver cell must be less than the e.m.f. of the new cell.

b_ the galvanometer must have a large resistance.

c_ the internal resistance of the new cell must be zero.

d_ the resistance per unit length of the wire qr must be constant.

38 the table shows the number of nucleons and the total number of particles (protons, neutrons and
electrons) in neutral atoms of four nuclides w, x, y and z.
| a |
nucleons of particles

www 19 30

xx 19 31

¥ 21 32

z 22 31
which two nuclides are isotopes of each other?
a wandx b wandyy c xandz d yandz

39 when a sample of a radioactive isotope decays by a-particle emission, the a-particles emitted
have a single discrete energy.
when a sample of a radioactive isotope decays by f particle emission, the b particles emitted
have a continuous range of energies.
what is the explanation for this?
a_ anantineutrino is emitted with a b” particle but not with an a-particle.
b_ an antineutrino is emitted with an a-particle but not with a b” particle.
c_ the a-particles have much more energy than the b particles.
d_ the particles have much more energy than the a-particles.

40 some particles are a combination of three quarks.
which combination of quarks does not result in a particle with a charge of either +1.6 x 10°c or
zero?
a up, down, down
b_up, strange, strange
cup, up, down
d_ up, up, up

Solve 9702_w23_qp_13