physics

1. what is equal to 0.000005 j?
a 5mj b 5mj c spd d 5nj

2 the measurement of a physical quantity may be subject to random errors and to systematic
errors.
which statement is correct?
a_ asystematic error cannot be reduced by adjusting the apparatus.
b_ asystematic error results in a different reading each time the measurement is taken.
c_ random errors are always caused by the person taking the measurement.
d_ random errors can be reduced by taking the average of several measurements.

3 the young modulus of the material of a wire is to be found. the young modulus e is given by the
equation shown.
—_ 4fl
nd?x
the wire is extended by a known force and the following measurements are made.
which measurement has the largest effect on the uncertainty in the value of the calculated young
modulus?
[easement ———‘feymber | vate
a length of wire before force applied i 2.043 + 0.002m
b diameter of wire d 0.54 + 0.02mm
cc force applied ff 19.62 + 0.01n
d extension of wire with force applied x 5.2+0.2mm

4 two physical quantities combined together as a product can produce a scalar quantity or a vector
quantity.
which product of two quantities produces a scalar quantity?
a_ (force) x (displacement of an object in the direction of the force)
b_ (mass) x (acceleration of the mass)
c_ (pressure) x (area on which the pressure acts)
d_ (velocity) x (time for which an object has that velocity)

5 the diagram shows a velocity-time graph for an object moving in a straight line.
a aa a
velocity/ms*
steg $f |
0 ' ; i i
0 1 2 3 4
time/s
what is the displacement during the last 2 seconds of the motion?
a 6m b 12m cc 18m d 24m

6 a block is moving along a horizontal frictionless surface. a constant force f and a constant
resistive force of 5.0n act on the block as it is moving in the direction of the force f, as shown.
direction of
movement
frictionless
f 5.0n surface
the graph shows the variation with time of the momentum of the block.
vaal
momentum
/kgms“
1.5
0 0.40
time/s
what is the magnitude of force f?
a 2.0n b 3.0n c 5.0n d 8.0n

7 newton’s third law describes two forces that are equal in magnitude and form a pair.
which description of the two forces in such a pair is not correct?
a_ they act in opposite directions.
b_ they act on different objects.
c_ they are the same type of force.
d_ they cause an object to be in equilibrium.

8 the graph shows the variation with time of the speed of a raindrop falling vertically through air.
speed ;
0

0 time
which statement is correct?
a_ the acceleration decreases to produce a steady speed.
b_ the acceleration increases as the speed increases.
c_ the air resistance decreases as the speed increases.
d_ the resultant force increases as the speed increases.

9 which statement about a perfectly elastic collision between two objects is correct?

a total kinetic energy is conserved and the relative speed of approach equals the relative
speed of separation.

b_ total kinetic energy is conserved but the relative speed of approach does not equal the
relative speed of separation.

c_ total kinetic energy is not conserved and the relative speed of approach does not equal the
relative speed of separation.

d_ total kinetic energy is not conserved but the relative speed of approach does equal the
relative speed of separation.

10 the diagram shows the view from above of a sprinkler system used to water a garden.
' direction of
pivot of :
; water jet
sprinkler ,
tube sy
a4
the sprinkler consists of a tube of length 0.15m. the tube is pivoted in the middle and spins in a
horizontal plane as it lets out jets of water from each end. the two water jets are in opposite
directions to each other. each water jet exerts a horizontal force of 3.0n on the tube at
right angles to the tube.
what is the magnitude of the torque on the tube from the water jets?
a onm b 0.23nm c 045nm d 0.90nm

11. an object is held in equilibrium by three forces. the forces all act in the same plane. the diagram
shows two of the forces that act on the object.
43n not to
scale
125°
17n
the third force is missing from the diagram.
what is the third force?
a b cc d
165°/ |
l w16e
55n
36n
55n
36n
157° |
l j 165°

12 the total number of forces acting on an object is two. the object is in equilibrium.
which statements about the forces are correct?
1 the two forces must have equal magnitudes.
2 the two forces must act in the same direction.
3. the two forces must act through the same point.
a jiand2only b 1and3only c 2and3only d 1,2and3

13 the diagram shows the arrangement of atoms in a particular crystal.
a ®
ae ae
en ee
|
a
i
6------0-----0"
each atom is at the corner of a cube.
the mass of each atom is 3.5 x 10-°kg. the density of the crystal is 9.2 x 10°kgm™.
what is the shortest distance between the centres of two adjacent atoms?
a 3.8x10%m
b 6.2x10%m
c 3.4x10'°m
d 3.0x10°m

14 four measuring cylinders are filled with the same liquid to the heights shown.
at which position is the pressure the greatest?
a
30cm 30cm
cc
| ocm | ocm

15 in many filament lamps, as much as 92j of energy is emitted as thermal energy for every 8j of
energy emitted as light.
what is the efficiency of a filament lamp, as the percentage of electrical energy converted to light
energy?
a 8% b 9% c 91% d 92%

16 what is a unit of power?
a jc" b jm' c jn" d js*

17 an object is in a uniform gravitational field. the graph shows how the change in gravitational
potential energy aep of the object varies with the vertical distance x moved by the object from a
fixed point.

ae,
0
0 x
which graph shows how the gravitational force f acting on the object varies with distance x?
a b cc d
f fe ef f
0 0 0 0
0 x 0 x 0 x 0 x

18 a block of mass 2.0kg is released from rest on a slope. it travels 7.0m down the slope and falls a
vertical distance of 3.0m. the block experiences a frictional force parallel to the slope of 5.0n.
,  2.0kg
7.0m — i
4 ; m
what is the speed of the block after falling this distance?
a 49ms"* b 6.6ms" c 8.6ms" d 10ms‘

19 two wires, one made of brass and the other of steel, are stretched in an experiment. both wires
obey hooke’s law during this experiment.
the young modulus for brass is less than the young modulus for steel.
which graph shows how the stress varies with strain for both wires in this experiment?
a b
stress steel stress steel
brass brass
0 0
0 strain 0 strain
cc d
stress brass stress brass
steel steel
0 0
) strain 0 strain

20 a sample of material is stretched by a tensile force to a point beyond its elastic limit. the tensile
force is then reduced to zero. the force—extension graph is shown.
force
z |
0 '
0 extension
which area represents the net work done on the sample?
a x b x+y c y+z dz

21 avwire is fixed at one end and is extended by a force f, acting on the other end. this causes the
wire to have an elastic potential energy of 0.15 j.
the force applied to the wire is now changed to a force f2. this causes the wire to have a new
elastic potential energy of 0.60 j.
the wire obeys hooke’s law.
what is the relationship between f, and f2?
a f,=2f> b f,=4f, c 2f,=f, d 4f,=f,

22 the diagram shows a representation of a wave on the screen of an oscilloscope.
mnebagetan
fl \ \
pi ta at yt
pt a tal uat ft
\
pt ay] taa
|
the y-gain is set to 3.5mvcm".
what is the amplitude of the wave?
a 0.57mv b 3.5mv cc 7.0mvv d 14mv

23 a transverse progressive wave on a string has a wavelength of 12cm and an amplitude of 1.5cm.
the speed of the wave on the string is 48cms™.
what is the distance travelled by a point on the string in a time of 2.0s?
a 12cm b 24cm c 48cm d 96cm

24 anambulance siren emits a sound with a single frequency f.
the ambulance travels towards, passes close to, and then travels away from a stationary
observer.
which statement describes the frequency of the sound detected by the observer as the
ambulance passes the observer?
a_ equal to fand decreasing
b_ equal to f and increasing
c_ greater than f and constant
d less than fand constant

25 an electromagnetic wave has a wavelength of 138 pm in a vacuum.
to which region of the electromagnetic spectrum does this wave belong?
a_ radio wave
b- microwave
c visible light
d x-ray

26 a student investigates the polarisation of microwaves. the microwaves from the transmitter are
vertically polarised. a metal grille acts as a polarising filter when placed between the microwave
transmitter and the receiver. the reading on the voltmeter is proportional to the intensity of
microwaves transmitted through the grille.

when the transmission axis of the grille is vertical, the voltmeter reads 3.50 v.
tass receiver
[ amps
transmitter ~ —_ voltmeter
al)
aq joo |
aoe ut ee
ee |
a is
metal grille
the grille is then rotated through an angle 6. the voltmeter now reads 2.20v.
what is 0?
a 37.5° b 39.0° cc 51.0° d 52.5°

27 two waves superpose. a resultant wave pattern is formed.
which statement about the two waves must be correct?
a_ they have the same amplitude.
b_ they are of the same type.
c_ they are transverse waves.
d_ they travel in opposite directions.

28 a water wave passes through a gap in a harbour wall and diffracts. the gap has a width of 8m.
harbour wall
direction of

wave travel 7

sa { 8m gap
the wave travels directly towards the gap.
for which wavelengbth is the diffraction of the wave greatest?
a im b 2m c 4m d 8m

29 light of wavelength 5.50 x 10-’m from a laser is incident normally on a diffraction grating.
the diffracted light is incident on a semicircular screen, as shown in the view from above.
screen
|
diffraction grating
light, —_
wavelength 5.50 x 10-7m |
|
|
|
view from above
a total of 9 bright dots are formed on the screen.
the grating is at the centre of the semicircle. the lines of the grating are vertical. the separation
between adjacent lines in the grating is d.
what is a possible value of d?
a 2.25x10°m b 2.80x10®°m c 440x10%m d 4.95x10%m

30 which quantity is given by the product of charge and electric potential difference?
a current
b_ energy transferred
c power dissipated
d_ resistance

31 the current in a filament lamp is increased.
which statement about the lamp is correct?
a_ the brightness of the lamp decreases.
b_ the potential difference across the filament decreases.
c_ the resistance of the filament decreases.
d_ the temperature of the filament increases.

32 a student builds the circuit shown. all the lamps are identical.
which lamp dissipates the most power?
8
qa
«je
(«)p

33 the resistance of a metal cube is measured by placing it between two parallel plates, as shown.
@:

the cube has volume v and is made of a material with resistivity . the connections to the cube
have negligible resistance.
which expression gives the electrical resistance of the metal cube between x and y?

1 2

3 z pp p
a pv? b pvv* c - d ->

v3 ye

34 a circuit needs to be completed by connecting two resistors between points x and y, as shown.
the resistors can be connected in series or in parallel with each other.
| x
lf
which combination of resistors produces the least resistance between x and y?
resistances type of
of resistors /q combination
a 20 and 40 parallel
b 40 and 100 parallel
cc 20 and 40 series
d 40 and 100 series

35 the diagram shows a circuit that includes a cell with internal resistance.
1 pose eee eeeeeeeeend
i,

the switch is initially open.
which row describes the effects on currents i, and i of closing the switch?
a ee ee

a decreases decreases

b decreases stays the same

cc increases decreases

d increases stays the same

36 the diagram shows a circuit consisting of a cell and three resistors ri, ro and r3.
1.60v
0.64a
r, r,
ee.
——__p
0.48v
r,
[|
0.32a
the cell has electromotive force (e.m.f.) 1.60 v and negligible internal resistance. the current in
the cell is 0.64a.
the potential difference across r, is 0.48v.
the current in r3 is 0.32a.
what is the resistance of r2?
a 1.50 b 2.50 c 3.50 d 5.00

37 the diagram shows a potentiometer circuit used to compare the electromotive forces (e.m.f.), ey
and eb, of two cells.
xy is a uniform resistance wire. the fixed resistor has resistance r.
a sliding contact is moved along the wire xy. when the sliding contact is at position p, the
galvanometer reads zero.
e,
r
p
x ¥
e,
the circuit is changed so that the galvanometer reads zero when the sliding contact is at a new
position to the left of p.
which change could have been made to the circuit?
a the wire xy was replaced with one of lower resistance.
b £, was increased.
ce, was decreased.
d rwas decreased.

38 nucleus p has 144 neutrons and 93 protons. nucleus p is unstable and undergoes a-decay to
form nucleus q. nucleus q then undergoes b decay to form nucleus r.
nucleus p is represented by point p on the graph.

which point on the graph represents nucleus r?
wt tt
rane ut | lk ll |
neutrons
wl | te
“tei
wt tht b
“tt
140
90 91 92 93 94 95 96
proton number

39 the diagrams show the quark composition of four different hadrons. one of the hadrons is a
>" particle. it has a charge of +e, where e is the elementary charge.
which hadron could be the >* particle?
a b cc d
key
u = up quark
@) g) @) g) ©) (s) ©) g) d = down quark
@) gs) gs) @) s = strange quark

40 which type of particle is comprised of the most quarks?
a antiquark
b baryon
c_ lepton
d meson

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