physics

1 aphysical quantity consists of a magnitude and a unit.
which row does not show a correct combination of a quantity and its unit?
| aventiy [ant
a mass gram
b length metre
cc charge ampere
d temperature kelvin

2 asmall car travels in a town.
what is a reasonable estimate of the kinetic energy of the car?
a 5x104j b 5x10’j cc 5x10°j d 5x10"j

3 a solid bar has a square cross-section. its length is measured as 50.0+£0.2cm and its width is
measured as 2.00+0.01cm.
these values are used to calculate the volume of the bar.
what is the percentage uncertainty in the calculated volume?
a +£0.21% b +0.22% c +0.90% d +1.4%

4 the graph shows how the acceleration of an object moving in a straight line varies with time.
acceleration | |
0
0 time
the object starts from rest.
which graph shows the variation with time of the velocity of the object over the same time
interval?
a b
velocity velocity
0 0
0 time 0 time
cc d
velocity velocity
0
0 time
|
0 time

5 asstone falls vertically from rest. air resistance is negligible.
what is the speed of the stone when it has fallen through a distance of 0.40 m?
a 2.0ms‘ b 2.8ms" cc 3.9ms"™ d 7.8ms"*

6 a ball is thrown horizontally off a tall building. the ground is horizontal. air resistance is
negligible.
which statement about the motion of the ball is correct?
a_ the acceleration of the ball is always at right angles to the path of the ball.
b_ the ball follows a circular path until it hits the ground.
c_ the ball has constant acceleration.
d_ the ball’s time in the air is proportional to the velocity at which the ball is thrown.

7 a moving object strikes a stationary object. the collision is inelastic. the objects move off
together.
assume that the two objects form an isolated system.
which row shows the possible values of total momentum and total kinetic energy for the system
before and after the collision?
total momentum total momentum total kinetic total kinetic
before collision after collision energy before energy after
/kgms"* /kgms* collision/j collision /j
a 6 2 90 30
b 6 6 30 90
cc 6 6 90 30
d 6 6 90 90

8 the graph shows how a quantity y varies with a quantity x for an object falling vertically at its
terminal velocity towards the surface of the earth.
nx
0
0 x
which quantities could x and y represent?
ee ee ee
a time acceleration
b time height above surface
cc distance moved kinetic energy
d distance moved velocity

9 a ball of mass 2.0kg travels horizontally with a speed of 4.0ms™'. the ball collides with a wall
and rebounds in the opposite direction with a speed of 2.8ms™'. the time of the collision is
150 ms.

what is the average force exerted on the wall?
a 16n b 37n c 53n d 91n

10 two train carriages each of mass 5000kg roll toward one another on a horizontal frictionless

track. one is travelling at a speed of 2.00 ms“ and the other at a speed of 1.00ms™, as shown.

2.00ms" 1.00ms"

sal <<.

, 5000 kg , ' 5000 kg fi
a a a a a a

they collide and join together.
what is the kinetic energy lost during the collision?
a 1250j b  7500j c 11250j d 12500j

11. which single condition must apply for an object to be in equilibrium?
a_ the object has a constant non-zero acceleration.
b_ the object is stationary.
c_ there are no forces acting on the object.
d_ the resultant force acting on the object is zero.

12 akite is in equilibrium at the end of a string, as shown.
kite
string
ww

the kite has three forces acting on it: the weight w, the tension 7 in the string, and the force f
from the wind.
which vector diagram represents the forces acting on the kite?

a b cc d

t t + w f ww

f f
me il f t

13 four forces act about a point p, as shown.
5.0n x
6.0n p 3.0m _.
os
ag = oo
‘ 7.0m yee 6.0n
y
5.0n
the forces act in the same plane and produce no resultant moment about point p.
what is the length xy?
a 6.9m b 12m cc 14m d 24m

14 a rectangular block of lead of density 1.13 x 10*kgm™ has sides of length 12.0cm, 15.0cm and
10.0cm.
what is the maximum pressure the block can exert when resting on a table?
a 1.13kpa b 1.70kpa c 11.1kpa d 16.6kpa

15 what is the definition of power?
a_ work done in one second
b_~ work done in unit time
c_ work done per second
d_ work done per unit time

16 a model car travels at a constant velocity of 12ms™ in a straight horizontal line. the input power
to the engine of the car is 800 w. the efficiency of the engine is 60%.
what is the total horizontal resistive force on the car?
a 27n b 40n c 67n d 110n

17 which statement represents the principle of conservation of energy?
a_ energy cannot be used faster than it is created.
b_ the supply of energy is limited, so energy must be conserved.
c_ the total energy in a closed system is constant.
d_ the total energy input to a system is equal to the useful energy output.

18 a barrel of mass 50kg is loaded onto the back of a lorry 1.6m high by pushing it up a frictionless
plank 3.4m long.
lorry
3.4m
barrel
mass = 50kg | g v4
a v,
i
what is the minimum work done?
a 80j b 170j c 780j d 1700j

19 what is a unit for stress?
a kgm's? b kgm’s? c nm" d nm

20 the graph shows the relationship between stress and strain for three wires of the same linear
dimensions but made from different materials.
p
stress q
r
0
0 0.1 1.0
strain
which statements are correct?
1 the extension of p is approximately twice that of q for the same stress.
2 the ratio of the young modulus for p to that of q is approximately two.
3 for strain less than 0.1, r obeys hooke’s law.
a 1,2and3 b 1and3only c 2and3only d 2only

21 four solid steel rods equally support an object weighing 10kn. each rod is of length 2.0m and
cross-sectional area 250mm”. the weight of the object causes the rods to contract by 0.10 mm.
the rods obey hooke’s law.

what is the young modulus of steel?
a 2.0x10°nm®
b 2.0x10"'nm?
c 8.0 x 10°nm?
d 8.0x10"'nm?

22 the graph shows how the length of a spring varies with the force applied to it. two areas p and q
are labelled.
length
p
q |
0 '
0 force
which area represents the work done in stretching the spring?
a areap
b areaq
c areap+areaq
d area q-areap

23 a horizontal beam of vertically polarised light of amplitude a is incident normally on a polarising
filter. the transmission axis of the filter is at an angle of 50° to the vertical.
what is the amplitude of the light in the beam after it has passed through the filter?
a 0.17a b 041a c 0.64a d 0.80a

24 a progressive longitudinal sound wave moves through air. the diagram shows the positions of
the air particles along part of the wave at one instant.
p q
| x :
point q is a distance x from point p.
which graph shows the variation of the displacement of the air particles with distance from p
along the wave?
a b
displacement displacement
0 0
0 x distance 0 x distance
cc d
displacement displacement
0 0
0 x distance 0 x distance

25 an electromagnetic wave in free space has a frequency of 3.0 x 10'°hz.
which row gives the principal region of this wave and an example of an electromagnetic wave
with a lower frequency?
rincipal région wave with lower
p p 9 frequency

a infrared visible light

b infrared x-rays

cc ultraviolet visible light

d ultraviolet x-rays

26 a source of sound emits waves of a constant frequency. the source moves at a constant speed
in a straight line relative to a stationary observer.
which velocity of the source gives the smallest observed frequency?
[| seeedims® | recion
a 5 away from observer
b 10 away from observer
cc 15 towards observer
d 20 towards observer

27 what could describe the time-base of a cathode-ray oscilloscope (cro)?
a the frequency per division on the screen
b_ the number of divisions on the screen per unit frequency
c the number of divisions on the screen per unit time
d the time per division on the screen

28 what happens when two waves superpose at a point?
a their amplitudes are added together.
b_ their displacements are added together.
c_ their frequencies are added together.
d_ their velocities are added together.

29 an electromagnetic wave is diffracted as it passes through a single slit. the width of the slit is
larger than the wavelength of the wave.
which change will decrease the amount of diffraction of the wave?
a_ decrease the frequency of the wave.
b_ decrease the time period of the wave.
c_ decrease the width of the slit.
d_ increase the wavelength of the wave.

30 the diagram shows visible light incident normally on a diffraction grating.
centre of fourth
order intensity
maximum
incident — |s
light ;
centre line
diffraction grating
screen
not to scale
a pattern of intensity maxima forms on the screen. a line connecting the centre of the fourth order
intensity maximum with the centre of the diffraction grating forms an angle of 53° with the centre
line. the grating has a line spacing of 2.7 x 10m.
what is the wavelength of the incident light?
a 41x10’m b 54x10%m c 16x10%°m d 2.2x10%m

31 a horizontal glass tube, closed at one end, has a layer of dust laid inside it on its lower side.
sound is emitted from a loudspeaker that is placed near the open end of the tube.
the frequency of the sound is varied and, at one frequency, a stationary wave is formed inside
the tube so that the dust forms small heaps.
the distance between four heaps of dust is 30cm.
loudspeaker 30cm
the speed of sound in the air in the tube is 330ms™'.
what is the frequency of the sound emitted by the loudspeaker?
a 1650hz b  2200hz c 3300hz d 6600hz

32 there is a current in a resistor for a short time interval.
which statement about the total charge that passes through the resistor is correct?
a_ltcan take any value.
b_itis an integer multiple of the elementary charge.
c_itis the elementary charge.
d _itis the rate of flow of the current.

33 the potential difference v across a filament lamp is slowly raised from zero to its normal
operating value.
which graph represents the variation with v of the current j in the lamp?
a b cc d
i i va hg
0 0 0 0
0 v 0 v 0 v 0 v

34 an electric current of 12a is in a wire of length 0.35 m.
the average drift speed of the free electrons (charge carriers) in the wire is 5.0 x 10“ms”*.
how many free electrons are in the wire?
a 1.3x 10° b 5.3 x 10% cc 1.5 x 107 d 4.3.x 10%

35 three resistors are connected to a cell of negligible internal resistance.
which circuit has a combined resistance of 100?
a b
100q 100q 50q 100
l le
c d
100q
ld
| ain | 1002 1002 500
|
ld]

36 each of kirchhoff’s laws is a statement based on the conservation of a physical quantity.
which quantity is conserved in each law?
kirchhoff kirchhoffs
first law second law
a charge energy
b energy current
cc power charge
d resistance power

37 a cell with electromotive force (e.m.f.) 1.50v delivers a current of 0.26a to a resistor of
resistance 5.0q connected between its terminals.
what is the internal resistance of the cell?
a 0.040 b 0.200 c 0.392 d 0.7702

38 what is not a quark flavour?
a charm
b meson
c strange
d up

39 how many down quarks are in a nucleus of hydrogen-3, sh?
a 2 b 3 cc 4 d5

40 an isotope of boron decays to beryllium by b* emission.
which particle is emitted in addition to the b* particle?
a _antineutrino
b_ electron
c neutrino
d neutron

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