physics

1. which statement about physical quantities is correct?
a aphysical quantity does not always have a magnitude or a unit.
b_ apbhysical quantity must always have a magnitude but does not always have a unit.
c_ a physical quantity must always have a unit but does not always have a magnitude.
da physical quantity must always have a magnitude and a unit.

2 what is a reasonable estimate of the mass of a solid sphere of copper that has a diameter of
60cm?
a 0.1kg b 10kg c 1000kg d 100000kg

3 the power output p of a star can be modelled with the equation
p=cat*
where o is a constant, a is the surface area of the star and t is the surface temperature of the
star.
what are the si base units of o?
a kgs?kk*
b kgs°k~
c kgm's?k~
d kgm's*k~

4 a boy throws a stone with a horizontal velocity of 10 ms“ from the top of a building. the height
of the building is 8.0m. the stone travels along a curved path until it hits the horizontal ground,
as shown.

10ms*
building ee oe
8.0m
ground
air resistance is negligible.
how long does it take the stone to reach the ground?
a 061s b 0.80s c 1.3s d 16s

5 four cuboids with identical lengths, breadths and heights are immersed in water. the cuboids are

held at the same depth and in identical orientations by vertical rods, as shown.
ww x y zz
4p 2p p 0.50

water has density p.

cuboid w is made of material of density 4p.

cuboid x is made of material of density 2p.

cuboid y is made of material of density p.

cuboid z is made of material of density 0.5).

which statement is correct?

a_ the upthrust of the water on each of the cuboids is the same.

b_ the upthrust of the water on w is twice the upthrust of the water on x.

c_ the upthrust of the water on x is twice the upthrust of the water on w.

d_ the upthrust of the water on y is zero.

6 = in which example is it not possible for the underlined object to be in equilibrium?
a an aeroplane climbs at a steady rate.
b_ an aeroplane tows a glider at a constant altitude.
c a speedboat changes direction at a constant speed.
d_ two boats tow a ship into harbour.

7 two identical balls are projected vertically upwards from ground level with the same initial
velocity. ball x is in a vacuum and ball y is in air.
which statement about the motion of the balls is correct?
a_ ball x reaches a greater maximum height and in a longer time than ball y.
bball x reaches a greater maximum height and in a shorter time than ball y.
c_ ball y reaches a greater maximum height and in a longer time than ball x.
d_ ball y reaches a greater maximum height and in a shorter time than ball x.

8 the graph shows the variation of velocity with time for a stone that falls from a bridge into a lake
and sinks to the bottom of the lake.
velocity
0 ;

0 time
what can be deduced about the motion of the stone?
a_ terminal velocity was reached in air.
b_ the acceleration in air was decreasing with increasing time.
c_ the distance travelled in water was greater than the distance travelled in air.
d_ the rate of change of velocity in air was constant.

9 the graph shows the variation of the momentum p with time t¢ for a car.
4 puta aliialt
p/10*kgms"*
1
0
0 20 50 60
tls
what is the resultant force on the car at f= 10s?
a 0 b  1500n c 2000n d 4000n

10 two objects x and y form an isolated system. x and y collide and then separate. the mass of x
is greater than the mass of y.
which statement about the collision is correct?
a_ the change of momentum of y is greater than the change of momentum of x.
b_ the force on y is greater than the force on x.
c_ the forces that x and y exert on each other act for the same length of time.
d_ the forces that x and y exert on each other are gravitational forces only.

11. which row states whether total momentum and total kinetic energy are conserved in an inelastic
collision in which there are no external forces?
[ [teat momentum [ttt knot eneray
a conserved conserved
b conserved not conserved
cc not conserved conserved
d not conserved not conserved

12 a tennis ball is thrown vertically upwards. the tennis ball reaches its highest point and then falls
back down to the point from which it was thrown.
air resistance is significant.
at which position on the path of the tennis ball is the resultant force on the tennis ball greatest?
a atthe start just after the tennis ball is released
b_ when the tennis ball is halfway to its highest point on the way up
c_ when the tennis ball is at its highest point
d_ when the tennis ball is halfway from its highest point on the way down

13 which statement correctly describes a couple?
a acouple is a pair of forces that act in the same direction.
b- acouple is a pair of forces that act on the centre of gravity of an object.
c_ acouple is a pair of forces that act to produce a resultant force.
d_ a couple is a pair of forces that act to produce rotation only.

14 a uniform beam of mass 1.4kg is pivoted at p, as shown. the beam has a length of 0.60m and
p is a distance of 0.20m from one end. loads of 3.0kg and 6.0kg are suspended at distances of
0.35m and 0.15m from the pivot, as shown.

' 0.40m ; 0.20m i
l | 0.35m 015m | |
1 re m—_@-— ce ro ™ i 1
3.0kg : pp 6.0kg
centre of beam
of mass 1.4kg
what is the torque that must be applied to the beam in order to maintain it in equilibrium?
a 0.010nm b 0.10nm c 0.29nm d 2.8nm

15 the diagrams show three rigid objects p, q and r being subjected to different combinations of
forces.
p q r
30° 30°

80n 80n 50n \\' ‘| 50n
20n 10n —

60n 60n

100n

which objects are in equilibrium?
a pandq
b pandr
c qandr
d_ none of them

16 the diagram shows two liquids, labelled p and q, that do not mix. the liquids are in equilibrium
in an open u-tube. three equal distances x are labelled.
p
4
q
x
x
: _. density of p ,
what is the ratio densityera
1 2 3
a 3 b 3 c 5 d 2

17 a stone of mass 0.30kg is thrown vertically downwards with a speed of 20ms™ from a height of
12m above the ground. it falls vertically until it hits the ground. air resistance is negligible.
what is the kinetic energy of the stone just before it hits the ground?
a 25j b 35j cc 60j d 95j

18 a student can run or walk up the stairs to her classroom.
which statement describes the power required and the gravitational potential energy gained while
running up the stairs compared to walking up them?
a_ running provides more gravitational potential energy and uses more power.
b_ running provides more gravitational potential energy and uses the same power.
c_ running provides the same gravitational potential energy and uses more power.
d_ running provides the same gravitational potential energy and uses the same power.

19 a weight w hangs from a trolley that runs along a rail. the trolley moves horizontally through a
distance p and simultaneously raises the weight through a height q.
trolley
rail
q
x
weight w pp
as a result, the weight moves through a distance r from x to y. it starts and finishes at rest.
how much work is done on the weight during this process?
a wp b wp+q) c wq d wr

20 the equation for kinetic energy ex can be derived using the equations of motion.
four equations relating to motion are listed.
1 we=fs
2 f=ma
3. v?=u*+2as
4 p=w
t
which three equations can be used to derive the equation for ex?
a 1,2and3 b 1,2and4 c 1,3and4 d 2,3and4

21 the force—extension graph of a metal wire is shown.
at which point on the graph does the metal wire stop obeying hooke’s law?
force d
cc
b
a
0
0 extension

22 a.uniform wire is made of a metal that has a young modulus of 1.3 x 10" pa.
the wire is 2.4m long and has a spring constant of 2.7 x 10*nm™.
what is the volume of the wire?
a 26x10%m? b 63x10%m*? c 5.0x107%m*? d = 1.2x10%m?

23 a rubber cord hangs from a rigid support. a weight attached to its lower end is gradually
increased from zero, and then gradually reduced to zero.
force stretching
rubber
cord
contraction
weight
m 0
0 extension

the force—extension curve for contraction is below the force—extension curve for stretching.
what does the shaded area between the curves represent?
a the elastic potential energy stored in the rubber cord
b_ the thermal energy dissipated in the rubber cord
c the work done by the rubber cord during contraction
d_ the work done on the rubber cord during stretching

24 asource of sound waves of constant frequency is travelling as shown.
in which situation would the stationary observer detect a sound with the lowest frequency?
a b
observer source observer source
e e e e
+ 5ms"' + 10ms"
cc d
observer source observer source
e e e e
——> 5ms" ——> 10ms"

25 each of the principal radiations of the electromagnetic spectrum has a range of wavelengths.
which wavelength is correctly linked to its radiation?
(| wasctenanrn | aiaton |
a 10° gamma ray
b 10° microwave
c 10° ultraviolet
d 10° x-ray

26 a transverse water wave has a frequency of 15hz, a wavelength of 0.12m and an amplitude of
4.0mm.
p is a water particle that is initially at the peak of the wave, as shown.
avavan
what is the total vertical distance travelled by p in a time of 0.58?
a 30mm b 60mm cc 120mm d 900mm

27 awave is formed on a string.

a student plots a graph of the variation of displacement d with time ¢ for a point on the string.
the student marks two points, x and y, on the graph.

d

0

| xx t

which property of the wave is represented by the distance along the horizontal axis between x
and y?
a amplitude
b_ frequency
c period
d_ wavelength

28 a stationary wave is set up in a stretched string.
which distance is equal to the wavelength of the wave?
a_ double the distance between adjacent antinodes
b half the distance between adjacent nodes
c_ the distance between adjacent antinodes
d_ the distance between a node and an adjacent antinode

29 a source of coherent light is incident on two slits, p and q, which are placed 80mm apart. the
light has a single frequency of 1.5 x 10'?hz. the light from the slits meets on a screen that is a
distance of 4.0m from the slits. the screen is parallel to a line joining the slits.

4.0m i
(m63hy a
1 screen
{-4p
intensity sensor
80mm
-12q
not to scale
an intensity sensor is placed on the screen at the midpoint of the interference pattern such that
the intensity reading is a maximum. the intensity sensor is moved along the screen.
the sensor travels through two intensity minima, two intensity maxima and stops in the middle of
the third intensity minimum.
which distance does the sensor move through?
a 4.0mm b 10mm c 25mm d 50mm

30 a vibrating bar produces surface water waves in a ripple tank.
the wavelength of the waves is 5.0cm and they pass through a gap of width 20 cm.
5.0cm ripple tank
ia cm
vibrating =o shallow water
bar n
barrier with gap
which change will increase the amount of diffraction that is observed?
a decreasing the distance between the bar and the gap
b_ decreasing the frequency of the wave
c_ increasing the amplitude of the wave
d increasing the width of the gap

31 what is an electric current?
a a flow of charge carriers
ba flow of energy
c_ anelectron
d_ the charge on a particle

32 a wire of diameter d is connected into an electric circuit. there is a current i in the wire and the
charge carriers have an average drift speed v.
the wire is replaced with a new wire of the same material but with a diameter 0.5d.
the current is adjusted so that the charge carriers in the new wire have an average drift
speed 3v.
what is the current in the new wire?
a 0.75. b 1.5. cc 6f d 121

33 a fixed resistor and a diode are combined by connecting them in series. the total potential
difference v across the combination is varied and the corresponding current i is measured.
which graph could represent the variation of j with v?

a b
i i
0 0
0 vv 0 vv
cc d
ie vg
0 0
0 v 0 vv

34 the potential difference (p.d.) across a fixed resistor is v. the power dissipated in the resistor
is 5.0w.
the p.d. across the resistor then changes to a new value. with the new p.d. the energy
transferred to the resistor in a time of 2.25s is 45.0j.
what is the new p.d. across the resistor?
a oy b 2v cc 3vv d 4v

35 the diagram shows part of a circuit that uses a potentiometer wire to measure a potential

difference (p.d.) in an external circuit.

e

i,
l,
— zz
(b
i, -
o o
p q

the potentiometer wire xz has length l:. it is connected to a cell of known electromotive force
(e.m.f.) e that has negligible internal resistance.
terminals p and q are connected to the external p.d. to be measured. the length of the
potentiometer wire between points x and y is lo.
the ratio of the lengths l; and l2 is used to determine the p.d. between p and q in terms of e.
which condition must be met in order to determine this p.d.?
a the current j, must be zero.
b_ the current j, must be zero.
c_ the p.d. across yz must be zero.
d_ the resistance of the external circuit must be zero.

36 the diagram shows a circuit.

which statement about the circuit is not correct?

a_ electromotive force is the energy transferred per unit charge.

b_- energy is transferred from chemical potential energy in the cell to other forms when the
switch is closed.

c_ the electromotive force of the cell is greater than the terminal potential difference when the
switch is closed.

d when the switch is open, the voltmeter measures the electromotive force of the cell.

37 a circuit contains a battery of electromotive force e and internal resistance r connected to two
resistors each of resistance 2.5q.
the resistors are connected in parallel as shown.
|, 8
' ui '
| be [lo
080a 252
[|
[|
the current in one of the resistors is 0.80a.
which expression, where e is in volts and ris in ohms, gives the internal resistance r?
a e-4.0 b e-40 cc e-2.0 d e-2.0
1.6 0.80 1.6 0.80

38 what is the rest mass of a beta-particle?
a 0
b 9.11 x 10°*"kg
c 1.66 x 10°*’kg
d 1.67 x 10°*’kg

39 what is the name of the group (class) of particles containing mesons, and the name of the group
(class) of particles containing baryons?
group (class) of group (class) of
particles containing | particles containing

mesons baryons
a hadrons hadrons
b hadrons leptons
cc leptons hadrons
d leptons leptons

40 amagnesium nucleus {;mg decays by emitting two particles.
, , ri 23
the resulting nucleus is sodium ‘na.
which two particles are emitted?
a oa-particle, antineutrino
b_ 8" particle, antineutrino
cf particle, neutrino
+ ; 3
d_ 8 particle, neutrino
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