biology

1. some processes carried out by living organisms are listed.
1 egestion
2 excretion
3. reproduction
4 respiration
which processes are carried out by all living organisms?
a 1,2,3and4
b 1, 2 and 3 only
c 2,3 and 4 only
d 3and4 only

2 the scientific name for humans is homo sapiens.
what does homo refer to?
a mammal
b genus
c_ kingdom
d species

3 some structures found in cells are listed.
1 cell membrane
2 cell wall
3 mitochondria
4 nucleus
which structures are found in prokaryotic cells?
a iand2 b 1and4 c 2and3 d 3and4

4 \inamesophyll cell, where are chloroplasts found?
a __ between the cell wall and the cell membrane
b_ inthe cytoplasm
c_ inthe nucleus
d_ inthe vacuole

5 the diagram shows a flatworm. the flatworm has been magnified by x100.
a
50mm
what is the actual size of the flatworm?
a 0.5um b 5um cc 50um d 500um

6 the diagrams show how a cell appears under the microscope at the start of an experiment and
after it has been placed in a dilute solution of salts for 5 minutes.
start of the after placing in a
experiment dilute solution of salts
which statement explains what happens?
a dissolved salts enter the cell by diffusion.
b_ dissolved salts leave the cell by diffusion.
c_ water enters the cell by osmosis.
d_ water leaves the cell by osmosis.

7 the concentration of nitrate ions is higher inside a root hair cell than in the soil.
what would be required for the absorption of nitrate ions into the root hair cell?
1 mitochondria
2 oxygen
3 membrane proteins
4 cell wall
a 1,2,3and4
b 1, 2 and 3 only
c 1 and 2 only
d  1only

8 what is the colour change shown by benedict's solution when heated with a reducing sugar?
a blue to purple
b blue to red
c brown to blue-black
dred to yellow

9 the diagram shows the digestive system.
which part absorbs the most water?
es
<
y

wo

d iu
es \ 3

cc __ [lr |
| ;

10 which statement is correct?
a_ the active site of an enzyme has the same shape as the substrate.
b_ the active site is not affected by changes in temperature.
c_ the shape of the active site of an enzyme is complementary to its substrate.
d_ the substrate and product combine at the active site.

11 the graph shows how the rate of photosynthesis of a plant changes with light intensity, at three
different carbon dioxide concentrations. in each case the temperature is 15°c.
0.10% carbon dioxide
xx _
rate of 0.04% carbon dioxide
photosynthesis .
0.02% carbon dioxide
light intensity
what is the limiting factor for the rate of photosynthesis at point x on the graph?
a_ carbon dioxide concentration
b light intensity
c surface area of the plant
d_ temperature

12 the diagram shows a test-tube at the start and at the end of an enzyme experiment.
enzyme + enzyme +
substrate 10 minutes products

=
temperature
35°c
at the end of the experiment, the mixture in the test-tube contains glycerol.
which row correctly identifies the enzyme and the substrate it acts on?
enzyme
acts on
a amylase fat
b amylase glucose
cc lipase fat
d lipase glucose

13 the diagram shows the teeth in the lower jaw of a human.
which tooth is a molar?
b
cc
rn iy
£3 ch

(5 al

c} a

14 what is meant by chemical digestion?
a large insoluble molecules are broken down into small soluble molecules.
b_ large soluble molecules are broken down into small insoluble molecules.
c small insoluble molecules are built up into large soluble molecules.
d small soluble molecules are built up into large insoluble molecules.

15 the diagram shows a villus in the small intestine.
en
eal
bal
_
ie

j, pa
jas
what is absorbed at x?
a fatty acids
b_ glucose
c_ glycogen
d -starch

16 what is a description of transpiration?
a exchange of gases between the leaf and the atmosphere
b loss of water vapour from the leaves of a plant
c movement of water from the roots to the leaves
d movement of water through the cells of the leaf

17 parts of a plant are listed.
1 mesophyll cells
2 root cortex cells
3 root hair cells
4 xylem vessels
what is the pathway taken by water in the plant?
a 1545253
b 1525354
c 3515452
d 3>52>54>>1

18 the diagrams show the single circulation of a fish and the double circulation of a mammal.
gill capillaries lung capillaries
s coe)
ees z zed
ss saas
r 0) suz y
s$ we
ventricle y nn
atria
ies
atrium \ el
on
t ao z — ventricles
zs&e 2e
es ssg,
3s seg
body capillaries body capillaries
fish circulation mammal circulation
which letters represent areas with the most oxygenated blood?
a randx b sandy c tandy d tandz

19 what is the role of lymphocytes in the blood?
a antibody production
b blood clotting
c_ phagocytosis
doxygen transport

20 a patient was injected with antibodies after being bitten by a poisonous snake. the patient
recovered and survived.
what describes the effect of the injection in the patient’s body?
active passive memory cells
immunity immunity produced

a v x v key

b jv x x v=yes

cc x v v x=no

d x v x

21 which table correctly shows the difference in composition of inspired air compared with
expired air?

a b
[inspired [expres] [| inspired ar | expe a |
oxygen less more oxygen less more
carbon dioxide less more carbon dioxide more less

cc d
(tinspiretar [exredar | [| inser | ered a
oxygen more less oxygen more less
carbon dioxide less more carbon dioxide more less

22 which row shows the correct combination of muscle contractions and the pressure in the thorax
when breathing out?
internal external heseure
intercostal intercostal diaphragm if ihetay
muscles muscles
a contracted contracted contracted high
b contracted relaxed relaxed high
cc relaxed contracted contracted high
d relaxed relaxed relaxed low

23 three statements about anaerobic respiration are listed.
1 in humans, the product is lactic acid.
2 in yeast, the product is lactic acid.
3. it releases more energy per glucose molecule than aerobic respiration.
which statements are correct?
a 1,2and3 b 1tand2only c 1 only d = 2and 3 only

24 what is the balanced chemical equation for a type of respiration that occurs in yeast?
a coghi206 + o2 — co2 + 6h2o
b 6co, + 6h,o —» cghi20g + 602
c cehi206 > 2c2hs0h + 2co2
d 2c2hsoh + 2coz — céhi20¢6

25 the diagram shows the human excretory system.
which labelled structure is the urethra?
in
| |
d
v

26 the diagrams show three types of neurones.
: =
l
not to
scale
) i j .
f eo =
* 7
m
which sequence shows the direction that impulses will travel during a reflex action?
a l>m>n
b m>l>n
c m>nol
d nom>l

27 which statement about rods and cones in the eye is correct?
a_ both rods and cones detect different colours of light.
b only cones are present in the blind spot.
c_ rods are more sensitive than cones in low light intensity.
d_ there are three types of rods but only one type of cone.

28 which diseases can be successfully treated with antibiotics?

diseases diseases

caused by rickets caused by

bacteria viruses
a sf w jv key
b v x x / = can be treated
cc x v x x = cannot be treated
d x x v

29 which statement about human sexual reproduction is correct?
a_ all gametes are haploid.
b_ fertilisation occurs when two diploid nuclei fuse.
c_ the sperm is the male zygote.
d sexual reproduction results in haploid offspring.

30 where is oestrogen produced?
a cervix
b_ ovaries
c_oviducts
d_ uterus

31 which row shows correct information about mitosis?
number of chromosomes
cells produced by mitosis in the daughter cells
compared to the parent cell
a are genetically different half the number
to the parent cell
b are genetically different the same number
to the parent cell
cc are genetically identical half the number
to the parent cell
d are genetically identical the same number
to the parent cell

32 polydactyly is a condition that can occur in cats and results in affected individuals having extra
toes.
the diagram shows the inheritance of the condition in a family of cats.
key
© polydacty! female cat
[j polydactyl male cat
o non-polydactyl female cat
| non-polydactyl male cat
what does the family tree show about the allele for polydactyly?
a it is codominant.
b_ it could be dominant or recessive.
c_itis dominant.
d_ itis recessive.

33 the photomicrograph shows a cross-section through a marram grass leaf.
ses sts as
ese le wk de seah
aero we ub es
cro nee baci ke er baa | sees ad
beer sei eae | ee
fee pee ce sy ao er eeses
bar rrs rrr ro se se
bers see eek y =
sseguee: | 28 iasestceeestse samme
ee nn a pe ie
se? rerun gs ya a
seeps |, op aa otay "een gerd mien ©” eanenien i,
ee ce ae oa i ae
ee | z| pepe \ sa sn ry
et abe woe nd wo a
aoe coat soo tad
ret ui wa
which feature is an adaptation of a xerophyte?
a __ the presence of chloroplasts
b_ the presence of fine hairs
c_ the presence of phloem tissue
d_ the presence of xylem vessels

34 some statements about mutations are given.
1 arandom change in the amino acid sequence in dna causes gene mutation.
2 a mutation is a genetic change.
3 lonising radiation decreases the rate of mutation.
4  newalleles are formed by mutations.
which statements are correct?
a iand3 b 1and4 c 2and3 d 2and4

35 the graph shows the growth of a population of rabbits in one area.
y
‘ xx
population
time

which statements are correct?

1 atx, the birth rate is higher than the death rate.

2  atx, there are no deaths and the population is limited by a lack of food.

3 at y, the birth rate and death rate are equal.
a iand2 b 1and3 c 1only d = 2only

36 in guinea pigs, the allele for black fur is dominant and the allele for white fur is recessive.
a test cross can be used to determine the genotype of a guinea pig with black fur.
what would be the expected result of the test cross if the guinea pig with black fur was
homozygous?
a 50% black, 50% white
b 25% black, 75% white
c 100% black
d 100% white

37 the diagram shows part of the nitrogen cycle.
nitrogen gas in the atmosphere
animal oy on
protein poaclene
process r feeding ammonium process t
by bacteria digestion lens: by bacteria
in the soil in the soil
plant decomposition
protein by bacteria
absorption process s
by bacteria
nitrates in the soil
which row shows the correct processes for r, s and t?
| | denitrification nitrogen fixation
a r is) t
b t ss r
cc t r ss
d ss r t

38 during eutrophication, what causes the death of fish?
a increased growth of producers
b_ increased photosynthesis by producers
c_ decreased concentration of carbon dioxide in the water
d_ decreased concentration of oxygen in the water

39 which product is made using an enzyme rather than bacteria or fungi?
a insulin
b penicillin
c lactose-free milk
d mycoprotein

40 some ways in which humans make use of organisms are listed.
1 using yeast to produce ethanol
2 artificial selection of sheep with thick wool
3 using bacteria to produce human substances
what are examples of genetic modification?
a 1and3 b 1only c 2and3 d = 3only
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