biology

1. which characteristic of living organisms is represented by gas exchange in the alveoli?
a excretion
bs growth
c nutrition
d_ reproduction

2. the diagram shows how homo sapiens (modern people) could have evolved from earlier ancestors.
homo sapiens (modern people)
homo heidelbergensis
homo erectus
homo habilis
which statement about modern people and their ancestors is correct?
a_ they are the same species and the same genus.
b_ they are the same species but not the same genus.
c_ they are the same genus but not the same species.
d_ they are neither the same species nor the same genus.

3 what is a characteristic of both insects and arachnids?
a eight legs
b_ exoskeleton
c only three pairs of legs
d_ wings

4  ananimal can swim, has a backbone and produces milk.
which group does this animal belong to?
a amphibians
b fish
c mammals
d reptiles

5 in which cell structure does aerobic respiration occur?
a mitochondrion
b nucleus
c_ ribosome
d_ vacuole

6 which formula shows the correct way to calculate the actual size of an object?
a actual size = magnification
image size
b actual size = amas size
magnification
c_ actual size = image size x magnification
d actual size = image size — magnification

7 what is a reason why oxygen diffuses into the blood from an alveolus in the lungs?

a_ the oxygen concentration in the alveolus is greater than the carbon dioxide concentration in
the blood.

b_ the oxygen concentration in the alveolus is greater than the oxygen concentration in the
blood.

c_ the oxygen concentration in the blood is greater than the oxygen concentration in the
alveolus.

d_ the oxygen concentration in the blood is greater than the carbon dioxide concentration in
the alveolus.

8 the diagram shows two plant cells.

cell x cell y

high low

water water

potential ||| potential

which statement describes what will happen to the water in the cells?
a equal movement between cells
bnet movement from cell x to cell y
c net movement from cell y to cell x
d no movement between cells

9 which row describes active transport?
moves ;
‘ requires a
substances from requires energy ; wk
: cane protein carrier in
a lower to a higher | from respiration
; the cell membrane
concentration

a no no no
b no no yes
cc yes yes no
d yes yes yes

10 which row shows the elements that make up a carbohydrate molecule?
a no no yes yes
b no yes no yes
c yes yes no yes
d yes yes yes no

11 large molecules are made from smaller molecules.
which row names the large molecule and the small molecules it is made from?
|| large molecule small molecules
a cellulose glucose
b fat glycogen
c glycogen fatty acid
d starch amino acid

12 the graph shows the effect of temperature on the activity of an enzyme.
1 2
enzyme | | i
activity
temperature
which statements about the enzyme and substrate at temperatures 1 and 2 are correct?
| | temperature 1 temperature 2
a the active site fits into the the substrate changes shape so
substrate of the enzyme. that it cannot fit into the active site.
b the enzyme and substrate the enzyme and substrate
have the same shape. have different shapes.
c the enzyme is denatured. the enzyme and substrate
have complementary shapes.
d the substrate fits into the active site changes shape so
the active site of the enzyme. that the substrate cannot fit into it.

13 in an investigation, the rate of photosynthesis in a plant is measured at different temperatures.
the investigation is carried out at three different light intensities. the results are shown.
high light intensity
a medium light intensity
rate of
photosynthesis
low light intensity
0 10 20 30
temperature /°c
what is the limiting factor for the rate of photosynthesis at point x?
a no no
b no yes
c yes no
d yes yes

14 inplants, which ions are used to make amino acids?
a magnesium
b _onitrates
c_ phosphates
d_ potassium

15 the diagram shows a cross-section of part of a leaf.
which structure is the cuticle?
ie
z
\ 6 h/ | a eo 4 ia" b
| dh |

228: sj

oss

cie pmp

°—€}e oo gods

os pooesessabo—=
cc

16 poor nutrition can lead to a condition called rickets in which bones fail to develop properly.

the table shows some minerals and vitamins present in four foods.
which food would be best for a child who has rickets?
[asin [i [ein ain

a v x v x key

b v x x v v = substance present

c x v v x x = substance absent

d x 4 x v

17 which food group is chemically digested in the mouth, passes through the stomach and continues
to be broken down by chemical digestion in the small intestine?
a carbohydrates
b_ mineral salts
c proteins
d_ vitamins

18 which row about bile is correct?
organ where bile effect of bile on fat ‘

: process involved

is produced droplet surface area
a gall bladder increases chemical digestion
b gall bladder decreases physical digestion
c liver decreases chemical digestion
d liver increases physical digestion

19 the small intestine is where most digested foods are absorbed. the small intestine has many villi.
these are some features of villi.
1 each villus contains a network of capillaries.
2 each villus contains a lacteal.
3 the surface of each epithelial cell is covered with microvilli.
4  villi increase the internal surface area of the small intestine.
which statements about the villi are important for the efficient absorption of glucose?
a 1,2,3and4
b 1, 3 and 4 only
c 1 and 3 only
d 2and 4 only

20 which statements about xylem vessels are correct?
1 xylem vessels have cells with cross walls.
2 xylem vessels have thick walls with lignin.
3 xylem vessels transport water and mineral ions.
a 1,2and3 b 1and2only cc 2and3only' d = 3only

21 dodder is a plant that grows on other plants called hosts. the dodder plant connects to the
host’s vascular bundles.
the dodder plant does not have green leaves or roots.
what correctly describes the regions for translocation?
[testeows [ater
a sink sink
b sink source
cc source sink
d source source

22 the diagram shows part of the human circulatory system.
which structure is the hepatic vein?
ce
[heat]
noe

23 what is a feature of passive immunity?
a_ antibodies are acquired from another individual.
b__it.can be gained through infection with a pathogen.
c long-term protection is gained.
d memory cells are produced.

24 the graph shows the change in the rate of breathing of an athlete.
¥
=>
rate of
breathing
time

what causes the response during time period y?
a adecrease in the concentration of oxygen in the blood
b_adecrease in the concentration of urea in the blood
c_anincrease in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood
d_anincrease in the concentration of red blood cells in the blood

25 these are processes that occur in plants.
1 active transport
2 cell division
3 osmosis
4 transpiration
which processes use energy from respiration?
a iand2 b 1and4 c 2and3 d 3and4

26 what is the balanced equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast?
a 60, + c,h,,0, > 6co, + 6h,o
b c,h,.0, > 2c,h,oh + 2co,
c c,h,,0, > 2c,h,o,
d 6co, + 6h,o — c,h,,0, + 60,

27 which labelled organ has a major role in the assimilation of amino acids by converting them to
proteins?
es
b
sg ax
an, yew °
a \
‘eee:

28 a toxin that is the same shape as a neurotransmitter prevents muscle contraction.
which statement explains why the toxin prevents muscle contraction?
a the toxin blocks the binding of neurotransmitters to receptors on motor neurones.
b_ the toxin increases the release of neurotransmitters from relay neurones.
c_ the toxin increases the release of neurotransmitters from sensory neurones.
d_ the toxin stimulates impulses in motor neurones.

29 the diagram shows the structure of the human eye.
which labelled part refracts light entering the eye?
3 a“
c — "wp (l-——*
un q
b sa

30 a patient is injected with adrenaline.
which graph shows the expected changes to pulse rate and blood glucose concentration?
a b
pulse we blood glucose pulse blood glucose
rate concentration rate concentration
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 0 0:5 1 15 2
time after injection / minutes time after injection/ minutes
cc d
pulse we blood glucose pulse "se, blood glucose
rate wy concentration rate ‘s concentration
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 0 0.5 1 15 2
time after injection/ minutes time after injection/ minutes
key
----- pulse rate
—— blood glucose
concentration

31 the diagram shows the shoot and root of a seedling, responding to gravity.
which row shows where the auxin accumulates and the effect of this in the shoot?
[cites [ate
a lower surface inhibits cell elongation
b lower surface promotes cell elongation
c upper surface inhibits cell division
d upper surface promotes cell division

32 which factors would increase the chance of antibiotic resistance developing?
1 regularly giving antibiotics to healthy livestock
2 only using antibiotics to treat bacterial infections
3 using several different antibiotics to treat an infection
4 using good personal hygiene to avoid infection
a iand2 b 1and3 c 2and4 d 3and4

33 what is an advantage of using asexual reproduction in crop plants?
a __itcan reliably produce many crop plants with a desirable characteristic.
b_ it increases genetic variation.
c it only requires wind pollination.
d_ it reduces the chance of a new disease spreading through all the crop plants.

34 the graphs show the concentrations in the blood of four hormones involved in controlling the
menstrual cycle.
which line represents fsh (follicle-stimulating hormone)?
hormone a
concentration
in the blood | i b ' 1
eee i 1
see — / 6
i: dp |
i a oe mie
hormone ' et; «| ‘ \
' i  / % ;
concentration ' ee i \o
in the blood ee | 7 a \!
oe 7 i "rey \
a "ha
0 7 14 21 28
time/days

35 the mitotic index of a tissue is the percentage of cells in the tissue that are dividing by mitosis.
the table shows information about two tissue samples, x and y.
tissue number of cells number of cells total number of
dividing by not dividing by cells in the
sample ie foci ,
mitosis mitosis tissue sample
x 25 55 80
¥ 15 95 110
which statement is correct?
a__ tissue x is growing fastest with a mitotic index of 31.3%.
b_ tissue x is growing fastest with a mitotic index of 45.4%.
c_ tissue y is growing fastest with a mitotic index of 13.6%.
d_ tissue y is growing fastest with a mitotic index of 15.8%.

36 fruit flies can either have red eyes or white eyes.
this is a sex-linked characteristic with the gene for eye colour located on the x chromosome.
the allele for red eyes (r) is dominant over the allele for white eyes (r).
a fruit fly with the genotype x®x' was crossed with a fruit fly with the genotype xry,
which percentage of the offspring will have red eyes?
a 25% b 50% c 75% d 100%

37 which statement about variation is correct?
a_ abo blood groups show continuous variation.
b_ body mass shows discontinuous variation.
c_ seed colour in peas shows continuous variation.
d_ seed shape in peas shows discontinuous variation.

38 which row shows part of the nitrogen cycle?
[rane ress [cai cred soni ots
a decomposition ammonium ions protein
b denitrification nitrate ions ammonium ions
cc nitrogen fixation nitrate ions nitrogen gas
d nitrification ammonium ions nitrate ions

39 when in vitro fertilisation (ivf) is used in captive breeding programmes, these processes occur.

1 the egg cell is fertilised.
2 the egg cell is removed from an ovary.
3 the embryo is implanted into the uterus.
4 the sperm cells are added.

in which order do these processes occur?

a 2353-341

b 23543513

c 435135233

d 4353521

40 the diagram shows a bacterial cell.
which cell structure is useful in genetic modification?
a “ 8
~ cm)
\ ae ae,
ae
d

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