biology

1 apperson touches a hot object and rapidly moves their hand away from the hot object.
which characteristic of living organisms is this an example of?
a excretion
b growth
c_ reproduction
d _ sensitivity

2 which types of organisms are used in genetic modification because they have plasmids?
a arachnids
b _ bacteria
c  myriapods
d ferns

3. the list shows some of the structures contained in cells.
*« cytoplasm
* cell membrane
* cell wall
« chloroplast
how many of these structures are found in the cells of all living organisms?
a 1 b 2 cc 3 d 4

4 a student draws a red blood cell.
the diameter of the red blood cell they draw is 20mm.
the actual diameter of the red blood cell is 0.008 mm.
what is the magnification of the student's drawing?
a x0.0004 b x0.16 c 250 d = x2500

5 samples of plant cells from the same species are immersed in three different liquids. the low
concentration sucrose solution has a higher water potential than the plant cell cytoplasm. the high
concentration sucrose solution has a lower water potential than the plant cell cytoplasm.

what is the state of the cells in the different liquids?
— low concentration | high concentration
distilled water : :
sucrose solution | sucrose solution
a turgid plasmolysed flaccid
b flaccid turgid plasmolysed
cc flaccid plasmolysed flaccid
d turgid turgid plasmolysed

6 which process requires energy from respiration?
a active transport
b diffusion
c osmosis
d transpiration

7 the diagram shows the sticky end of the dna of a plasmid that has been cut by a restriction enzyme.
the unpaired bases are labelled.
es e——————e—————————————— |
hhhhhhp
ss sss ss
what is the correct sequence of the missing bases?
a cagtg b gtgac c gtcac d cactg

8 a test was performed on a food substance. a positive result was shown by a colour change to
blue-black.
what solution was used for the test?
a _ biuret solution
b_ dcpip solution
c iodine solution
d_ benedict's solution

9 astudent investigates the breakdown of fats in milk by lipase. four test-tubes labelled a, b, c and
d are set up.
the table shows the contents of each test-tube.
in which test-tube will the contents become acidic most quickly?
[rik [tie pote] ise
a v v x v key
b of v v x v = present
c v x v x x = absent
d x v v v

10 the diagram shows an experiment to investigate the effect of increasing light intensity on the rate
of photosynthesis in an aquatic plant.
the rate is found by measuring the rate of bubble release by the plant.
as the light intensity increases, the rate of bubble release increases and then becomes constant.
fe
bubble [
——l 1,
te)
ay?
wy <_—_
sor + _ light
which statement describes why the rate of bubble release becomes constant at high light intensities?
a carbon dioxide concentration becomes a limiting factor.
b light intensity becomes a limiting factor.
c oxygen availability becomes a limiting factor.
d_ water availability becomes a limiting factor.

11 the diagram shows a section through the leaf of a flowering plant.
sn
a

poset ine
ave
at ;
pore peal
lon acss
sy
(i pstveotne
como
where does photosynthesis take place?
a 1and2 b iand4 c 2and3 d 3and4

12 the diagram shows part of the alimentary canal and associated organs.
which labelled part stores bile?
d ihm
ha oleae a
ec gd °
ker

13 the list contains statements about villi.
1 villi increase the efficiency of the absorption of nutrients.
2 villi increase the efficiency of the alveoli during gas exchange.
3 villi provide a large surface area.
4  villi filter urea from the blood.
which two statements explain the role of the villi in humans?
a iand2 b 1and3 c 2and4 d 3and4

14 the diagrams show carbohydrate molecules as they pass through the alimentary canal.
which row represents the molecules correctly?
before taking after some time after some time in
into the mouth in the mouth the small intestine
wal a o-o
c)
% 97 mo poem | > 05
ty g o-0 se 2 2 ®
@ ®@
c a 970 a 070 % ° “. fo) ‘
fe 2 @& °
) (ome)
he mo pe 0% a 9759 %
pe e@ © *® oy hg o-o

15 which row shows correct information about three digestive enzymes in humans?
| towee [nase [nn
a acts in acidic acts in the secreted by the
conditions stomach pancreas
b | secreted by the secreted in the acts in acidic
pancreas mouth conditions
cc secreted by the acts in alkaline secreted in the
small intestine conditions stomach
d | actsin the small | acts in the small | acts in alkaline
intestine intestine conditions

16 which substance found in a healthy diet helps to prevent constipation?
a fat
b fibre
c_ minerals
d_ vitamins

17. when is the transpiration rate of a well-watered plant highest?
a onacool, dry, windy day
b_ onacool, wet, windy day
c_ onahot, dry, windy day
dona hot, wet, windy day

18 which statement is correct for a flowering plant during photosynthesis?
a the flowers, fruits, leaves and roots are all sources of sucrose.
b_ the fruits are a source of sucrose and the flowers are a sink.
c_ the leaves are a source of sucrose and the fruits are a sink.
d_ the roots are a source of sucrose and the leaves are a sink.

19 what is an advantage of having a double circulatory system?
a it uses less energy because blood flows through the heart only once in each circuit around
the body.
b_ concentration gradients of solutes and gases are kept low.
c  deoxygenated and oxygenated blood are separated to allow a high rate of oxygen supply
to the tissues.
d_ it maintains high-pressure blood flow to the lungs and low-pressure blood flow to the body.

20 the diagram shows the external structure of the human heart.
which part is blocked in coronary heart disease?
pe
=+—+#——a
ae :
ea e

21 one of the symptoms of the disease cholera is diarrhoea. this is due to water loss by osmosis
caused by the cholera toxin.
what is the effect of cholera toxins that results in diarrhoea?
a _ secretion of chloride ions out of the small intestine lowering the water potential
b _ secretion of chloride ions out of the small intestine raising the water potential
c _ secretion of chloride ions into the small intestine lowering the water potential
d _ secretion of chloride ions into the small intestine raising the water potential

22 which statement about immunity is correct?
a_ apart of the antibody molecule has the same shape as the antigen it acts on.
b_ babies develop passive immunity from the antibodies they receive in breast milk.
c_ phagocytes produce antibodies.
d_ vaccines contain weakened antibodies.

23 what are the functions of the diaphragm and the cilia in the human gas exchange system?
a contracts to cause breathing in carry mucus to the throat
b | contracts to cause breathing out trap bacteria from the air
c relaxes to cause breathing in filter dust from the air
d relaxes to cause breathing out produce mucus

24 vigorous exercise can cause an oxygen debt.
which process removes the oxygen debt?
a aerobic respiration of lactic acid in the liver
b_ adecrease in breathing rate
c  adecrease in heart rate
d_anincrease in blood supply to the skin

25 in healthy people, which substance is completely reabsorbed into the blood from the kidney
nephrons?
a_ glucose
b .ssalts
c urea
d_ water

26 what would be the pupil size and lens shape of a person reading a mobile phone text message in
a brightly lit room?
[eta [ie eo
a large fat
b large thin
cc small fat
d small thin

27 what describes how the body maintains a constant internal temperature on a hot day?
a vasoconstriction increases blood flow to the skin surface capillaries.
b_ vasoconstriction decreases blood flow to the skin surface capillaries.
c_ vasodilation increases blood flow to the skin surface capillaries.
d_ vasodilation decreases blood flow to the skin surface capillaries.

28 what would lead to a decrease in blood glucose concentration?
a __ increased release of adrenaline
b increased release of amylase
c increased release of glucagon
d increased release of insulin

29 which statement about antibiotics is correct?
a_ antibiotics do not affect bacteria but kill viruses.
b_ antibiotics do not affect bacteria or viruses.
c_ antibiotics kill bacteria and kill viruses.
d_ antibiotics kill bacteria but do not affect viruses.

30 the diagram shows the carpel of a flower just after pollination.
x
what is the name of the part labelled x?
a filament
b_ ovule
c pollen tube
d stigma

31 the table shows the percentage of sperm with different abnormalities in samples from a person
with normal fertility and two people with low fertility.
person with person p with | person q with
normal fertility low fertility low fertility
percentage of sperm with 2 25 2
no acrosome
percentage of sperm with
deformed flagellum a m 35
percentage of sperm with 4 4 30
few mitochondria
what are the causes of low fertility in person p and person q?
[ae esen |
a too many sperm cannot too many sperm cannot
digest jelly coat of egg cell | digest jelly coat of egg cell
b too many sperm cannot too many sperm cannot
digest jelly coat of egg cell move to oviduct
cc too many sperm cannot too many sperm cannot
move to oviduct digest jelly coat of egg cell
d too many sperm cannot too many sperm cannot
move to oviduct move to oviduct

32 which word is used to describe stem cells?
a gametes
b haploid
c homozygous
d_unspecialised

33 the graph shows the concentration of four hormones during the menstrual cycle.
which line represents progesterone?
a
hormone itt b
concentration cc a ise pa oe
iv, 7\ se d _ *
ea a go ee %
er" a. en cal ss
eel -—- le sy es a ©
0 14 28
ovulation
day of cycle

34 the pedigree diagrams show the pattern of inheritance of a genetic disorder in four families.
this genetic disorder is not sex-linked.
which pedigree diagram proves that the genetic disorder must be caused by a dominant allele?
a b
cc d
key
[| unaffected male o unaffected female
a affected male o affected female

35 what are correct statements about meiosis?
produces involved in repair
genetically of damaged
identical cells tissues
a yes yes
b yes no
cc no yes
d no no

36 the photograph shows a species of fish called a leafy sea-dragon.
leafy sea-dragons live in areas of the sea where seaweed is present.
y} sa. ==
ost se . .* ye gz
ca ha win. “opp bam
yl apoe ey \ =% nn nr os, ae
pa xe. sy wo2| " e\ \. gee's ip?”
ey, ws aa
ee. \: wooo ee ee ~
a ae ons et. se
of fa nan \ ue ® rs
fe e 5 g/ wy ~ re) \ / =.
ss s &) ca | 4" ) =,
o~ ) wf ( ] ‘
ge ¢ 3 0
zz.
ta, rs
eo os
which statements explain how natural selection caused the leafy sea-dragon species to develop?
1 leafy sea-dragons that looked like seaweed were better adapted to their environment.
2 leafy sea-dragons that survived passed on the allele for their appearance to their
offspring.
3 humans selected leafy sea-dragons that looked like seaweed.
a 1,2and3 b 1and2only c= 1and3only d 2and3 only

37 what is the main source of energy input to biological systems?
a glucose
b oxygen
c plants
d_ the sun

38 which organisms remove nitrate ions from soil?
a denitrifying bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in root nodules
b_ denitrifying bacteria and plants
c nitrifying bacteria and plants
d__nitrogen-fixing bacteria in root nodules

39 what are two reasons for organisms becoming endangered?
1 habitat destruction
2 monitoring
3 education
4 pollution
5 captive breeding programmes
a iand4 b 1and5 c 2and3 d 3and4

40 what is an example of the use of genetic modification in agriculture?

a_ choosing cattle to breed so that alleles for high milk yield will be passed on to their offspring

b increasing food production by using insecticides to improve quality and yield

c inserting genes into crop plants to improve the nutritional qualities of the plant

d selecting crop plants with desirable characteristics and crossing these to produce the next

generation

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