biology

1. students find a small organism in a pond. they catch it and put it into a large jar of water. they
see that the organism swims away from light. it lays some eggs before it is put back into the
pond.

which characteristics of living things did the students see in this organism?
a excretion, growth and respiration

b growth, nutrition and sensitivity

c movement, reproduction and sensitivity

d movement, reproduction and respiration

2 which description of a species is correct?
a agroup of organisms living at the same time
b  agroup of organisms living in the same area
c  agroup of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring
d_ agroup of organisms that have adaptive features

3. the table shows the number of animals collected in a sample from a woodland and the groups to
which they belong.
arachnids 10
crustaceans 8
insects 80
myriapods 7
how many of the animals, in total, are arthropods with six or eight legs?
a 15 b 88 cc 90 d 98

4 some vertebrates have body hair.
which group do these vertebrates belong to?
a amphibian
b bird
c mammal
d reptile

5 the diagram shows two guard cells from a leaf.
which labelled part would also be found in sperm cells?
a
b
5 ——
cc
cim ns
es 2
d

6 the photograph shows part of a cross-section of a root.
[rec root hair
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rss oe
cree os |
pr digi ions sta teeter
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vents g05 2@ cen eee twee “sy mebassarmreaeteenn nas,
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ters ee aas y o's meepaceteusteute ty ti-+:
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bere eerie 00 @ 8° eee
pe et hh oat fy am oe rae | xylem
i seer eratinernitnannaye coos
7 swe eetaesietatitaa teens saan a
es t5'fo 8 enn ps ir re no cast ae se
the root hair and the xylem are part of the same
a cell and organism.
b_ cell and tissue.
corgan and organism.
d_ tissue and organ.

7 which formula is correct for calculations involving image size, actual size and magnification?
a actual size = image size x magnification
b_ image size = magnification x actual size
c_ magnification = actual size + image size
d_ magnification = image size x actual size

8 which statements about diffusion are correct?
1 diffusion is the net movement of particles from a higher to a lower concentration.
2 _ diffusion is the net movement of particles only across cell membranes.
3 diffusion requires energy from respiration.
a 1,2and3 b 1tand2only c= 1only d 2and3 only

9 what is the name of the process in which water moves through a partially permeable membrane?
a active transport
b_ evaporation
c_ osmosis
d transpiration

10 asample of food is tested with different chemical substances.
the table shows the results.
chemical used to test | final colour of
the food sample the sample
iodine solution yellow-brown
biuret purple
dcpip colourless
which nutrients does the sample of food contain?
a protein and vitamin c
b protein only
c starch and reducing sugar
d - starch and vitamin c

11 the diagram shows an experiment on the digestion of the protein in egg albumen by protease.
the protease was taken from a human stomach.
in which test-tube will protein be digested most quickly?
a b cc d
water-bath
at 37°c
egg albumen egg albumen egg albumen egg albumen
+ + + +
protease dilute dilute dilute
hydrochloric hydrochloric hydrochloric
acid acid acid
+ +
protease boiled protease

12 the diagram represents the shape of an enzyme molecule.
ce active site
with which substrate would this enzyme most easily form an enzyme-—substrate complex?
a b c d

13 the diagram shows an experiment to investigate photosynthesis.
\— gas
°
: —<— light ' —<— light
aquatic plant ad
: : ns
start finish

what is the most abundant gas present at the top of the tube at the end of the experiment?

a carbon dioxide

b- methane

c_ water vapour

d oxygen

14 the graph shows how the percentage of protein found in potatoes was affected by the

concentration of nitrate fertiliser added to the crop when it was growing.

percentage

of protein

in potatoes

concentration of
nitrate fertiliser added

using the information in the graph, which molecule do the potatoes make more of when the
concentration of nitrate fertiliser increases?
a amino acids
b_ cellulose
c sfat
d starch

15 which food would add more fibre as part of a balanced diet?
a black beans
b_ cheese
c eggs
d tuna fish

16 the diagram shows the human digestive system.
which letter represents the rectum?
-
| oe | aoe uf la"
d )\
| |

17 the bacterium salmonella enterica can cause severe food poisoning, and the lining of the
alimentary canal may be damaged. this damage affects the absorption of digested food.
which region of the alimentary canal is most affected by this type of food poisoning?
a colon
b_ ileum
c oesophagus
d_ stomach

18 in which part of the alimentary canal is the most water absorbed?
a colon
b~ rectum
c small intestine
d_ stomach

19 the diagram shows the pathway of water molecules through a leaf and out to the environment.
mesophyll cell + process x > air space > process y > stomata

which statements are correct?
1 process x is active transport.
2 process x is evaporation.
3. process y is diffusion.
4 process y is osmosis.

a iand3 b 1and4 c 2and3 d 2and4

20 the diagram shows blood vessels entering and leaving some organs in the human body.
8 4
_
which row identifies the pulmonary artery and the renal vein?
mere | nave |
artery
a 1 3
b 1 4
cc 2 3
d 2 4

21 when a pathogen enters the blood, the number of white blood cells increases.
some possible reasons why this happens are listed.
1 it increases the number of antibodies.
2 it increases the transport of oxygen.
3. it increases phagocytosis.
4 it increases the number of platelets.
which reasons are correct?
a 1and3 b 1and4 c 2and3 d 2and4

22 the graph shows how waste is disposed of in three cities.
80
60 key
percentage l] landfill
of total 40 ci burning
waste cc] recycling
20 [| composting
0
city 1 city 2 city 3
which statement describes waste disposal in all of the three cities?
a_ burning is the second most common form of waste disposal.
b_ landfill is the main form of waste disposal.
c_ more waste is burnt than recycled.
d_ recycling and burning together are the main forms of waste disposal.

23 which structure connects directly to the alveoli?
a __ bronchus
b bronchiole
c larynx
d_ trachea

24 what is the equation for aerobic respiration?
a_ glucose + carbon dioxide — oxygen + water
b_ glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water
c_ water + carbon dioxide — glucose + oxygen
d_ water + oxygen — glucose + carbon dioxide

25 which hormone is secreted by the pancreas?
a_ adrenaline
b _ insulin
c_ oestrogen
d testosterone

26 what is an example of phototropism?
a achemical produced by a plant
ba painful sensation in response to a stimulus
c the growth of a plant root towards the centre of the earth
d_ the growth of a plant shoot towards light

27 the graph shows changes in the resistance of the bacterium escherichia coli to two different
antibiotics between 2005 and 2023.
25
eger geese secs
20 for predentin gantibiot 1
eere eee ehs seer nseree
eee eere eee eee eeeeeeeepes hh
f 1s eeesereree eee i:
seer lor eeepeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee cee antibot
bacteria resistant | eereeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eee eee ehh antibiotic 2
to.an antibiotic 40-feeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee dpe bpeeee hee peeeeeeeh
peel ar peer
cocr cce etc coee eee eee
oau runes 9 zu hues rugs taret ores ogeoeruogrtorese
eeeee eee eee-eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeee ceh
ct
(0) er do a gi a ae a cn a
2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023
year
which statement describes the changes that occurred between 2005 and 2023?
a_ between 2010 and 2015, the percentage of bacteria resistant to antibiotic 2 increased by 6%.
b between 2011 and 2016, the percentage of bacteria resistant to antibiotic 1 continually
increased.
c between 2016 and 2023, the percentage of bacteria resistant to antibiotic 2 continually
decreased.
d_ between 2020 and 2022, the percentage of bacteria resistant to antibiotic 2 decreased.

28 the nuclei of which two structures fuse during fertilisation?
a_ two eggs
b_ two embryos
c_ two gametes
d_ two zygotes

29 which statements about sexual reproduction in plants are correct?
1 anthers in wind-pollinated flowers are inside the flower.
2 pollen grains in insect-pollinated flowers are large and sticky.
3. the stigma in insect-pollinated flowers is outside the flower.
a iand2 b= 1only c 2only d_= 3only

30 which structure is found in both animals and plants?
a cornea
b_ ovary
c_sepal
d_ stamen

31 which sex chromosomes are present in a human sperm cell?
a both x and y chromosomes
b_ either x or y chromosomes
c_ only x chromosomes
d_ only y chromosomes

32 what are alleles made of?
a amino acids
b dna
c genes
d protein

33 the graph shows the percentage of a population with different phenotypes for the same
characteristic.
percentage of
the population
1 2 3 4
phenotypes for
characteristic x
which characteristic in humans is represented by x?
a_ abo blood groups
b= arm length
c height
d mass

34 energy transfers in an ecosystem are listed.
| | energy transfer type of energy
1 sun to plant light
2 plant to animal chemical
3 animal to animal chemical
which transfers are correct?
a 1,2and3 b 1tand2only c iand3only d = 2and3only

35 which diagram shows the correct order in a food chain?
a
:
c

36 which process removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?
a combustion
b decomposition
c photosynthesis
d respiration

37 the graph shows how the population of the world has increased over time.
7
: p
5
world
‘ 4
population
/billions 3
2
|
0
1700 1800 1900 2000
year
which growth curve phase is represented by region p?
a_ death phase
b_ exponential (log) phase
c_ lag phase
d _ stationary phase

38 how do herbicides help to increase food production?
a by increasing biodiversity
b_bykilling insect pests
c by providing nutrients
d by reducing competition

39 which product of anaerobic respiration in yeast is used as a biofuel?
a_ carbon dioxide
b_ ethanol
c_ glucose
doxygen

40 which statement describes genetic modification?
a_ changing the genetic material of an organism
b_ changing the genetic material of plants only
c producing new organisms through fertilisation
d selective breeding of organisms

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