biology

36 the photograph shows a species of fish called a leafy sea-dragon.
leafy sea-dragons live in areas of the sea where seaweed is present.
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ost se . .* ye gz
ca ha win. “opp bam
yl apoe ey \ =% nn nr os, ae
pa xe. sy wo2| " e\ \. gee's ip?”
ey, ws aa
ee. \: wooo ee ee ~
a ae ons et. se
of fa nan \ ue ® rs
fe e 5 g/ wy ~ re) \ / =.
ss s &) ca | 4" ) =,
o~ ) wf ( ] ‘
ge ¢ 3 0
zz.
ta, rs
eo os
which statements explain how natural selection caused the leafy sea-dragon species to develop?
1 leafy sea-dragons that looked like seaweed were better adapted to their environment.
2 leafy sea-dragons that survived passed on the allele for their appearance to their
offspring.
3 humans selected leafy sea-dragons that looked like seaweed.
a 1,2and3 b 1and2only c= 1and3only d 2and3 only

18 the diagram shows a section through the human heart.
which valve is the right atrioventricular valve?
b \/,
a
d

24 where is urea formed and excreted?
| tomed [erected
a bladder heart
b heart liver
cc kidney bladder
d liver kidney

8 which row identifies the chemical elements in proteins?
carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen
a v v v v key
b v x v x v= present
cc x v v v x = absent
d v v x x

7 the diagram shows the water potential of three plant cells. the more negative the value, the
higher the solute concentration.
p q
-360 kpa —400 kpa
zs
—340 kpa

r
what is the immediate movement of water that will occur between the three cells?
a from p to q, and from r to p and q
b_ from q to p and r only
c_ from q to p and r, and from p tor
d_ from r to q only

8 which base in a dna molecule always pairs with a g base?
a a b g cc dt

1 what is used as a means of classification?
a_ the number of strands of mrna
b_ the shape of dna molecules
c_ the sequence of bases in dna
d_ the types of bases in dna

30 which statements about meiosis are correct?
produces involved in the
genetically production of
identical cells gametes

a yes no

b yes yes

cc no yes

d no no

2 how many jointed legs does an insect have?
a two pairs
b three pairs
c four pairs
d_ more than six pairs

3 the photomicrograph shows a cell from a type of aquatic plant.
ss
> ——— w)
i b> gs {
& 2 i > on 2
r q p
which labelled parts indicate that this is a plant cell?
a pandr b pands c qandr d qandss

4 the diagram shows a red blood cell.
p|
49mm
the actual diameter of the cell is 7.0 micrometres.
what is the magnification of this cell?
a x70 b x700 cc x7000 d  x70000

5 which molecule crosses a partially permeable membrane during osmosis?
a carbon dioxide
b oxygen
c urea
d_ water

6 the graph shows the rate of uptake of magnesium ions by two similar plants, x and y.
the roots of each plant were placed in a range of solutions. each solution contained a different
concentration of magnesium ions. all other conditions were kept constant.

plant x
rate of uptake of
magnesium ions
plant y
concentration of magnesium
ions in external solution
what is a possible explanation for the difference in the results for the two plants?
a_ plant y has fewer protein carriers for magnesium ions in its cell membranes.
b_ plant y has a higher rate of respiration.
c_ plant y has more root hair cells.
d_ the root hair cells in plant y have a lower water potential.

7 which substance is used to test a food for vitamin c?
a benedict’s solution
b- dcpip
c_ ethanol
d iodine solution

8 in dna, what is the correct base pairing?
a twithc b twitht c twithg d twitha

9 what remains at the end of an enzyme-controlled reaction?
a enzymes and products
b enzymes and substrates
c enzymes only
d products only

10 which feature explains the specificity of an enzyme?
a complementary shape of active site and substrate
b_ denaturation at certain ph values
c_ temperature change leading to change in enzyme activity
d varying frequency of effective collisions between enzyme and substrate

11 a plant is placed in the dark until all its stored starch is used up. the plant is placed in light with
black paper over part of one green leaf.
black paper over
both sides of the leaf
hole cut in the paper
after eight hours, the leaf is tested for starch.
which diagram shows the appearance of the leaf after this test?
a b
an yee key
a = starch
present
& o [| = starch not
- l—— => _

12 the diagram shows part of a cross-section of a leaf.
ee a *
sahentne
hi
ae
-~ oo
oa poodacs

which row shows the correct labels?
ee
a cuticle palisade mesophyll spongy mesophyll
b cuticle spongy mesophyll palisade mesophyll
cc epidermis palisade mesophyll spongy mesophyll
d epidermis spongy mesophyll palisade mesophyll

13 the diagrams show the different types of human teeth.
r
4 2 3 4

which teeth are used for grinding food?
ee ee eee

a v x v x key

b jv v x x v=yes

cc x x v jv x =no

d x v x jv

14 the diagram shows a villus. structures p and q absorb different products of digestion.
jasin
rie
as}
h as h
hea
hqz\\\
is isa \
fy sala
(ah
a) |
y za n
j us
which row identifies the products absorbed by p and q?
a amino acids glucose
b fatty acids maltose
cc glucose fatty acids
d maltose amino acids

15 the arrows show the movement of substances from the soil into a root hair cell.
—— |
which substances move from the soil into the root hair cell?
a_ carbon dioxide and oxygen
b_ glucose and water
c_ mineral ions and glucose
d_ water and mineral ions

16 by which process does water escape from stomata in the leaves?
a active transport
b diffusion
c_ evaporation
d_ osmosis

17 which row about the circulatory system is correct?
[| partiat pumps ood [parti vanes |
a heart heart and veins
b heart and blood vessels all blood vessels
cc capillaries heart
d heart capillaries and arteries

18 the graph shows pressure changes that take place in the right atrium, right ventricle and left
ventricle of a human heart when the muscle walls contract and relax.
16 pepe pss ee eee eee eee eee
(2
eere eee eee eee eee eee
14 eee
0 0 0 0
ee no
eee eee eee eee eee eh
12 a a
a a ta. et rt, 5 a
(a ti i ad a gt
peeeeeeeeeeebeeeeeeeeere eee eee eee
10 a a ea a a il i
a a
sss
(a a dg
pressure eere eee
/kpa str
eee eee eee eee eee eh
6 eeersresey sese see ees eee eeeeees
ppro
st gt 0s pp 0
eee eee eee eee ee eee
4 serre sse eee eee eee eee. ae ees
bee ps ee eee eee eee
(5 8
eceeeceeee crp reeeeepesrseetreeeeeee
2 recep
re cee
o20 g0 ee ce
za ee ees 2 ee ase s|
0 -eereee eee esseee ee eee eee se
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
time/s

what is the pressure in the right ventricle when the left ventricle is at its maximum pressure?

a 0.4kpa b 2.0kpa c 3.0kpa d 15.0kpa

19 the sequence of amino acids in antibodies enables them to complete which function?
a bind to a specific antigen
b _ bind to all pathogens
c perform phagocytosis
d_ confer passive immunity for all diseases

20 the table shows some of the changes that occur during breathing.
from contracted from relaxed
to relaxed to contracted
diaphragm x
external intercostal muscles i
internal intercostal muscles zz
which changes occur to cause inspiration?
a p,qandz b x,qandr c x,yandr d x,yandz

21 the apparatus shown was used to investigate aerobic respiration in seeds.
the apparatus was placed in a dark room.
wire mesh ruler
yt |
ererald pen al
coloured liquid
seeds soaked chemical which
in water absorbs the gas
produced by
the seeds
all environmental conditions were kept constant.
what will happen in the apparatus?
betsken ii gas absorbed direction of
9 by the chemical movement of the
by the seeds ‘ ‘ ak
in the wire mesh coloured liquid
a carbon dioxide oxygen towards the seeds
b carbon dioxide oxygen away from the seeds
cc oxygen carbon dioxide towards the seeds
d oxygen carbon dioxide away from the seeds

22 why is yeast used in bread-making?
a_ aerobic respiration produces alcohol.
b_ aerobic respiration produces lactic acid.
c_ anaerobic respiration produces alcohol.
d_ anaerobic respiration produces carbon dioxide.

23 in the diagram, which label identifies the urethra?
g ik b
d ll
cc

24 the diagram shows a reflex arc.
which label identifies the motor neurone?
finger pricked
by pin
d
r
g ©
©)
{\
mu 9 ()
we
&s a
cc
b

25 which structures contain neurotransmitter molecules in neurones?
a chloroplasts
b~ mitochondria
c_ ribosomes
d vesicles

26 the diagram shows a seedling growing inside a dark box.
dark box
shoot
root
which type of responses affect the direction of growth of the root and the shoot inside the box?
response response
by the root by the shoot
a gravitropism gravitropism
b gravitropism phototropism
cc phototropism gravitropism
d phototropism phototropism

27 why is an mrsa infection difficult to treat?
a mrsais a bacterium.
b mrsa is a virus.
c_ mrsa is resistant to some antibiotics.
d mrsa is resistant to some antibodies.

28 what is the order of flower parts through which the pollen tube must grow to reach the egg cell
nucleus during fertilisation?
a stigma —> style > ovule > ovary
b stigma — style > ovary > ovule
c style > stigma — ovule > ovary
d style > stigma — ovary > ovule

29 which diagram, showing the exchange of products between mother and fetus, is correctly
labelled?
a b
placenta umbilical cord
vain waste van waste
is products is products
nutrients a +c nutrients fe ic
umbilical placenta
cord
cc d
bilical cord
ne nutrients placenta i nutrients
waste waste if 4
products products in ine
placenta umbilical
cord

30 which statement about the synthesis of a protein molecule in a cell is correct?
a_ the gene coding for the protein moves from nucleus to cytoplasm.
b_ ribosomes assemble amino acids into dna molecules.
c mrna remains in the nucleus.
d the sequence of amino acids is determined by the sequence of bases in the mrna.

31 each statement describes cell division by mitosis or meiosis in humans.
1 it produces cells that show variation.
2 it produces cells that are diploid.
3 it produces cells that are haploid.
4 it involves reduction division.
which statements describe meiosis?
poff 2 fs fa |
a x v x x key
b v x x v v=yes
cc x v v x x =no
d v x v jv

32 in humans, what is the genotype of a red-green colour-blind male?
a x®xr b xx’ c xy d xy

33 which feature is found in a hydrophytic plant?
a_ leaves are curled with stomata on the inside.
b_ leaves are reduced to spines.
c_ stomata are sunk in pits in the epidermis.
d_ there is no waxy cuticle.

34 which statements are correct during both natural selection and artificial selection?
1 only certain individuals reproduce.
2 alleles are passed on to the offspring.
3 organisms do not compete with each other for survival.
a 1and2 b 1and3 c 2only d 2and3

35 the diagram shows a food chain.
phytoplankton — zooplankton — herring —> sea lion
which diagram shows a pyramid of energy for this food chain?
a b
= sea lion = phytoplankton
zooplankton
cc d
= sea lion = phytoplankton
zooplankton

36 in the nitrogen cycle, what are processes 1 and 2?
nitrogen in
1 atmosphere
plant animal 2
protein protein
nitrates
in soil
|| process1 | provess2 |
a decomposition nitrification
b denitrification nitrogen fixation
cc nitrification evaporation
d nitrogen fixation denitrification

37 untreated sewage is accidently released into a river for several weeks.
how will this affect the number of bacteria, the oxygen concentration of the water and the number
of fish?
number a oxygen. number of fish
bacteria concentration

a decrease decrease increase

b increase decrease decrease

cc decrease increase decrease

d no change no change no change

4 a student draws a red blood cell.
the diameter of the red blood cell they draw is 20mm.
the actual diameter of the red blood cell is 0.008 mm.
what is the magnification of the student's drawing?
a x0.0004 b x0.16 c 250 d = x2500

38 fish stocks can be conserved in various ways.
which method of conservation ensures that mainly large fish are caught?
a having closed seasons
b having protected areas
c having a minimum mesh size for nets
d setting legal fishing quotas

39 which component of bacteria is genetically modified to produce human insulin?
a_ cell membrane
b cell wall
c plasmids
d - single circular dna strand

40 fermenters must have carefully controlled conditions.
which condition has the correct reason for controlling it?
[ [conan tobe conto [reason for contling condton
a supply of amino acids for carbohydrate synthesis
b supply of glucose waste product to be removed
cc supply of oxygen for anaerobic respiration
d ph to be optimum for enzyme activity

1. which characteristic of living organisms is represented by gas exchange in the alveoli?
a excretion
bs growth
c nutrition
d_ reproduction

2. the diagram shows how homo sapiens (modern people) could have evolved from earlier ancestors.
homo sapiens (modern people)
homo heidelbergensis
homo erectus
homo habilis
which statement about modern people and their ancestors is correct?
a_ they are the same species and the same genus.
b_ they are the same species but not the same genus.
c_ they are the same genus but not the same species.
d_ they are neither the same species nor the same genus.

3 what is a characteristic of both insects and arachnids?
a eight legs
b_ exoskeleton
c only three pairs of legs
d_ wings

4  ananimal can swim, has a backbone and produces milk.
which group does this animal belong to?
a amphibians
b fish
c mammals
d reptiles

5 in which cell structure does aerobic respiration occur?
a mitochondrion
b nucleus
c_ ribosome
d_ vacuole

6 which formula shows the correct way to calculate the actual size of an object?
a actual size = magnification
image size
b actual size = amas size
magnification
c_ actual size = image size x magnification
d actual size = image size — magnification

31 which hormones are released by the placenta during pregnancy?
a fsh and lh
b_ fsh and progesterone
c_ oestrogen and lh
d progesterone and oestrogen

7 what is a reason why oxygen diffuses into the blood from an alveolus in the lungs?

a_ the oxygen concentration in the alveolus is greater than the carbon dioxide concentration in
the blood.

b_ the oxygen concentration in the alveolus is greater than the oxygen concentration in the
blood.

c_ the oxygen concentration in the blood is greater than the oxygen concentration in the
alveolus.

d_ the oxygen concentration in the blood is greater than the carbon dioxide concentration in
the alveolus.

8 the diagram shows two plant cells.

cell x cell y

high low

water water

potential ||| potential

which statement describes what will happen to the water in the cells?
a equal movement between cells
bnet movement from cell x to cell y
c net movement from cell y to cell x
d no movement between cells

9 which row describes active transport?
moves ;
‘ requires a
substances from requires energy ; wk
: cane protein carrier in
a lower to a higher | from respiration
; the cell membrane
concentration

a no no no
b no no yes
cc yes yes no
d yes yes yes

10 which row shows the elements that make up a carbohydrate molecule?
a no no yes yes
b no yes no yes
c yes yes no yes
d yes yes yes no

33 what is an advantage of using asexual reproduction in crop plants?
a __itcan reliably produce many crop plants with a desirable characteristic.
b_ it increases genetic variation.
c it only requires wind pollination.
d_ it reduces the chance of a new disease spreading through all the crop plants.

11 large molecules are made from smaller molecules.
which row names the large molecule and the small molecules it is made from?
|| large molecule small molecules
a cellulose glucose
b fat glycogen
c glycogen fatty acid
d starch amino acid

12 the graph shows the effect of temperature on the activity of an enzyme.
1 2
enzyme | | i
activity
temperature
which statements about the enzyme and substrate at temperatures 1 and 2 are correct?
| | temperature 1 temperature 2
a the active site fits into the the substrate changes shape so
substrate of the enzyme. that it cannot fit into the active site.
b the enzyme and substrate the enzyme and substrate
have the same shape. have different shapes.
c the enzyme is denatured. the enzyme and substrate
have complementary shapes.
d the substrate fits into the active site changes shape so
the active site of the enzyme. that the substrate cannot fit into it.

13 in an investigation, the rate of photosynthesis in a plant is measured at different temperatures.
the investigation is carried out at three different light intensities. the results are shown.
high light intensity
a medium light intensity
rate of
photosynthesis
low light intensity
0 10 20 30
temperature /°c
what is the limiting factor for the rate of photosynthesis at point x?
a no no
b no yes
c yes no
d yes yes

14 inplants, which ions are used to make amino acids?
a magnesium
b _onitrates
c_ phosphates
d_ potassium

15 the diagram shows a cross-section of part of a leaf.
which structure is the cuticle?
ie
z
\ 6 h/ | a eo 4 ia" b
| dh |

228: sj

oss

cie pmp

°—€}e oo gods

os pooesessabo—=
cc

16 poor nutrition can lead to a condition called rickets in which bones fail to develop properly.

the table shows some minerals and vitamins present in four foods.
which food would be best for a child who has rickets?
[asin [i [ein ain

a v x v x key

b v x x v v = substance present

c x v v x x = substance absent

d x 4 x v

17 which food group is chemically digested in the mouth, passes through the stomach and continues
to be broken down by chemical digestion in the small intestine?
a carbohydrates
b_ mineral salts
c proteins
d_ vitamins

18 which row about bile is correct?
organ where bile effect of bile on fat ‘

: process involved

is produced droplet surface area
a gall bladder increases chemical digestion
b gall bladder decreases physical digestion
c liver decreases chemical digestion
d liver increases physical digestion

19 the small intestine is where most digested foods are absorbed. the small intestine has many villi.
these are some features of villi.
1 each villus contains a network of capillaries.
2 each villus contains a lacteal.
3 the surface of each epithelial cell is covered with microvilli.
4  villi increase the internal surface area of the small intestine.
which statements about the villi are important for the efficient absorption of glucose?
a 1,2,3and4
b 1, 3 and 4 only
c 1 and 3 only
d 2and 4 only

20 which statements about xylem vessels are correct?
1 xylem vessels have cells with cross walls.
2 xylem vessels have thick walls with lignin.
3 xylem vessels transport water and mineral ions.
a 1,2and3 b 1and2only cc 2and3only' d = 3only

21 dodder is a plant that grows on other plants called hosts. the dodder plant connects to the
host’s vascular bundles.
the dodder plant does not have green leaves or roots.
what correctly describes the regions for translocation?
[testeows [ater
a sink sink
b sink source
cc source sink
d source source

22 the diagram shows part of the human circulatory system.
which structure is the hepatic vein?
ce
[heat]
noe

23 what is a feature of passive immunity?
a_ antibodies are acquired from another individual.
b__it.can be gained through infection with a pathogen.
c long-term protection is gained.
d memory cells are produced.

38 which row shows part of the nitrogen cycle?
[rane ress [cai cred soni ots
a decomposition ammonium ions protein
b denitrification nitrate ions ammonium ions
cc nitrogen fixation nitrate ions nitrogen gas
d nitrification ammonium ions nitrate ions

24 the graph shows the change in the rate of breathing of an athlete.
¥
=>
rate of
breathing
time

what causes the response during time period y?
a adecrease in the concentration of oxygen in the blood
b_adecrease in the concentration of urea in the blood
c_anincrease in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood
d_anincrease in the concentration of red blood cells in the blood

25 these are processes that occur in plants.
1 active transport
2 cell division
3 osmosis
4 transpiration
which processes use energy from respiration?
a iand2 b 1and4 c 2and3 d 3and4

26 what is the balanced equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast?
a 60, + c,h,,0, > 6co, + 6h,o
b c,h,.0, > 2c,h,oh + 2co,
c c,h,,0, > 2c,h,o,
d 6co, + 6h,o — c,h,,0, + 60,

27 which labelled organ has a major role in the assimilation of amino acids by converting them to
proteins?
es
b
sg ax
an, yew °
a \
‘eee:

3. which row shows structures that are present in both root hair cells and palisade mesophyll cells?
[| -cetwett [corns [ons | veel
a v v v x key
b x v v v jv = present
cc v x v v x = absent
d v v x v

28 a toxin that is the same shape as a neurotransmitter prevents muscle contraction.
which statement explains why the toxin prevents muscle contraction?
a the toxin blocks the binding of neurotransmitters to receptors on motor neurones.
b_ the toxin increases the release of neurotransmitters from relay neurones.
c_ the toxin increases the release of neurotransmitters from sensory neurones.
d_ the toxin stimulates impulses in motor neurones.

29 the diagram shows the structure of the human eye.
which labelled part refracts light entering the eye?
3 a“
c — "wp (l-——*
un q
b sa

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