chemistry

1. the boiling point of sodium is 890 °c.
what happens to sodium atoms as the temperature of a sample of sodium changes from 950 °c
to 900 °c?
a_ the atoms move more quickly and bonds are formed.
b the atoms move more quickly and bonds are neither broken nor formed.
c the atoms move more slowly and bonds are formed.
d_ the atoms move more slowly and bonds are neither broken nor formed.

2 which row shows the conditions for the particles of a gas colliding most frequently?
[sie [ere
a high high
b high low
c low high
d low low

3 the diagram shows some properties of particles in an atom.
to which labelled part of the diagram do electrons belong?
found outside
nucleus
relative mass relative
less than 1 charge of 1—

4 some properties of substances w, x, y and z are shown.
| | melting point/ °c electrical conductivity
www 801 conducts when molten
x -182 does not conduct
i 840 conducts when solid
z 501 conducts when molten
which substances are ionic?
a w,xandy b wandyonly c wandz d xandz

5 atoms lose or gain electrons to become ions.
which row is correct?
| sereettesin [sprain [chase orn
a loss of two electrons cation 2-
b loss of one electron anion i-
cc gain of three electrons anion 3-
d gain of one electron cation 1-

6 acovalent molecule, m, contains four shared pairs of electrons.
what is m?
a ammonia, nh,
b hydrogen chloride, hcl
c_ methane, ch,
d_ water, h,o

7 which substance has a giant covalent structure?
a __ sodium chloride
b_ sodium
c_ ethane
d_ diamond

8 — lron(iii) oxide is reduced by carbon monoxide to produce iron and carbon dioxide.
what is the balanced equation for this reaction?
a fe,0, + 2co > 2fe + 2co,
b fe,0, + 3co > 2fe + 3co,
c 2fe,0, + 6co > 2fe + 6co,
d 2fe,0, + 3co > 4fe + 3co,

9 the equation for the reaction between magnesium and dilute hydrochloric acid is shown.
mg + 2hci — mgcl, + h,
which mass of magnesium chloride is formed when 48.0g of magnesium completely reacts with
excess dilute hydrochloric acid?
a 23.8g b 47.5g c 95.0g d 190g

10 dilute sulfuric acid and lead(ii) bromide are electrolysed separately.

which statements are correct?
1 colourless gases are produced when dilute sulfuric acid is electrolysed.
2 lead(ii) bromide can be electrolysed when molten.
3 lead is formed at the positive electrode when lead(ii) bromide is electrolysed.
4 sulfate ions are produced at the negative electrode when dilute sulfuric acid is

electrolysed.
a iand2 b 1and3 c 2and3 d 3and4

11. which statements about a hydrogen—oxygen fuel cell are correct?
1 the main form of energy released by the fuel cell is heat.
2 the reaction is a redox reaction.
3 an acidic gas is produced.
4 water is the only chemical product.
a iand3 b 1and4 c 2and3 d 2and4

12. which row describes what happens during an endothermic reaction?
thermal energy is change in temperature of
transferred the reaction mixture
a from the surroundings decrease
b from the surroundings increase
cc to the surroundings decrease
d to the surroundings increase

13 which diagram represents a chemical change?

a b

o &

o 8 *e
() sn ee @ ——
og © oo ‘ e

cc d

ge 0° $3 2%

ee @@ = *e

14 amethod used to investigate the rate of reaction of calcium carbonate with dilute hydrochloric acid
under different conditions is shown.
* place 50cm’ of dilute hydrochloric acid in a conical flask.
* adda known volume of water to the conical flask.
¢ heat the conical flask to the required temperature.
« add 1.0g of calcium carbonate to the conical flask.
* measure the time taken for the reaction to finish.
which volume of water and which temperature give the shortest time taken for the reaction to finish?
volume of water t ture/°c
ndded/cm? ‘emperature
a 10 30
b 10 50
cc 40 30
d 40 50

15 the rate of reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid is investigated.
the total volume of hydrogen given off is measured at different times.
a graph of the results is shown.
25 fee
0
s000 ee
ptt ttt rrr err rr errr ops tr tast tt ttt ttr tt
20-feeeeeeeeeeeeee eee ree pepe eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeh
0 ee
sees ee ae ee ee ee eee
total ecee cece ccc ee eee eee]
ts =eeee eere eere eee eee eee eee eee ee eee eee
volume of feeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeh
hydrogen 9 perera eee eere eeeee eee eee
/om? 10 a 9 op yl a |
peele eeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeee eee ee eee eee
s000 606 oe ee
b-cecereeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eee eee
sep) 60060 oe ee
poze cece ece ee]
a a sw eg a pp od
0 ls a a ey a |
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
time/s
which conclusions are correct?
1 the rate is fastest between 0 and 30 seconds.
2 the maximum volume of hydrogen given off is 22 cm?.
3 at40 seconds, 20cm? of hydrogen is given off.
a jiand2only b tand3only c 2and3only d 1,2and3

16 water is added to anhydrous copper(ii) sulfate.
which row describes the direction of energy change and the colour change of the mixture during
the reaction?
| | direction of energy change
a absorbed from the surroundings blue to white
b absorbed from the surroundings white to blue
c released to the surroundings blue to white
d released to the surroundings white to blue

17 which equation represents an oxidation reaction?
a caco; —- cao + co,
b 4feo + o, > 2fe,0,
c 2no, > n,o,
d 2p,0;, > p,o.,

18 a farmer treats a field with calcium hydroxide to make it less acidic.
when the farmer adds ammonium nitrate fertiliser to the field immediately after the calcium hydroxide,
the two substances react.
why does this reaction make the fertiliser less effective?
a_ |tmakes ammonia gas, so less nitrogen is absorbed by the soil.
b it makes an acid, making the soil acidic again.
c_ it makes nitrogen gas, so less nitrogen is absorbed by the soil.
d_ it makes the fertiliser too strong, stopping the plants growing well.

19 which statement about sodium oxide or nitrogen dioxide is correct?
a_ nitrogen dioxide is a solid at room temperature.
b_ nitrogen dioxide is acidic.
c sodium oxide has a lower melting point than nitrogen dioxide.
d_ sodium oxide is covalently bonded.

20 a titration method is used to prepare a pure soluble sulfate salt from dilute sulfuric acid.
what is the other reagent?
a copper(ii oxide
b magnesium
c sodium hydroxide
d_ zinc carbonate

21. which row about elements in the periodic table is correct?
| | statement 1 statement 2

a two elements in the same group metals are on the left of the table
have similar chemical properties

b two elements in the same group metals are on the right of the table
have similar chemical properties

c two elements in the same period metals are on the left of the table
have similar chemical properties

d two elements in the same period metals are on the right of the table
have similar chemical properties

22 the table gives some information about three elements in group | of the periodic table.
element atomic number melting iit bensiy
in°c in g/cm
lithium 3 181 0.53
sodium 11 98 0.97
rubidium 37 xx x
which row identifies the melting point and the density of rubidium?
melting point density
in°c ing/ cm?
a 39 0.38
b 39 1.53
c 253 0.38
d 253 1.53

23 which statement describes a transition element?
a__itis a dull grey metal that only forms white compounds.
b_itis a high-density metal with a high melting point that is used as a catalyst.
c_itis alow-density metal with a high melting point that reacts with steam to make hydrogen.
d_itis a soft, shiny silver metal that reacts vigorously with water.

24 the electronic configurations of helium, neon and argon are shown.
which row describes these gases?
|| reactivity | form of the gas electronic configuration
a reactive monatomic incomplete outer shell of electrons
b unreactive diatomic complete outer shell of electrons
c unreactive diatomic incomplete outer shell of electrons
d unreactive monatomic complete outer shell of electrons

25 xisa shiny silver-coloured solid at room temperature and pressure.
x is a good conductor of heat and electricity when solid.
which statement about x is correct?
a xis anionic compound or a metallic element.
b= xisametallic element or a non-metallic element.
c_ xis an alloy or a metallic element.
d_ xisanalloy or a non-metallic element.

26 which elements can be combined to produce an alloy?
1 magnesium and aluminium
2 nitrogen and oxygen
3 iron and carbon
4 copper and zinc
a 1,3 and4 b 1tand2 c 2and3 d 4only

27 three metals, l, m and n, are added separately to dilute hydrochloric acid and cold water.
the results are shown.
fiatal reaction with dilute reaction with
hydrochloric acid cold water
l hydrogen forms no reaction
m hydrogen forms hydrogen forms
n no reaction no reaction
what is the order of reactivity of the metals?
least most
reactive reactive
a l n m
b m l n
cc n l m
d n m l

28 which reaction produces carbon dioxide?
a cracking of large hydrocarbon molecules
b photosynthesis
c_ reaction of a base with a carbonate
d_ thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate

29 asample of air containing four gases only is analysed.
99.0% of the sample contains the two main gases in the same percentages as in clean, dry air.
the remaining 1.0% of the sample contains argon and carbon dioxide.
the gas that makes up 0.1% of the sample turns limewater milky.
which row shows the percentage composition of the sample of air?
eo
a 78.0% nitrogen, 21.0% oxygen argon carbon dioxide
b 78.0% nitrogen, 21.0% oxygen carbon dioxide argon
c 78.0% oxygen, 21.0% nitrogen argon carbon dioxide
d 78.0% oxygen, 21.0% nitrogen carbon dioxide argon

30 which substance contains two elements that are found in npk fertilisers?
a ammonium chloride
b calcium hydroxide
c potassium nitrate
d__ sodium phosphate

31 which statement about sulfur is correct?
a when sulfur is burned, it produces a substance that causes acid rain.
b_ sulfur is produced by the thermal decomposition of limestone.
c compounds of sulfur make up approximately 1% of unpolluted air.
d_ sulfur is a member of the family of elements called halogens.

32 what are two adverse effects of particulates in the air?
1 acid rain
2 cancer
3 photochemical smog
4 respiratory problems
a iand3 b 1and4 c 2and3 d 2and4

33 which formula represents a compound that is a member of the homologous series of alkanes?
a c,h, b c3h, c c,hs d c,h.

34 which statement about ethane is correct?
a it rapidly decolourises aqueous bromine.
b_ it does not burn.
c it forms long-chain compounds called polymers.
d_ it only contains single bonds between its atoms.

35 which raw material is used to make ethanol by fermentation?
a carbon dioxide
b_ ethene
c_ glucose
d natural gas

36 which statement about ethanoic acid is correct?
a it contains a—cooh group.
b_ it has a ph greater than ph 7.
c_ it reacts with sodium carbonate to form hydrogen gas.
d it reacts with copper to form copper(ii) ethanoate.

37 which statement explains why the disposal of plastic waste leads to environmental problems?
a_ plastic waste forms toxic gases when it is burned.
b_ plastic waste contains many small molecules.
c_ plastic waste rapidly dissolves in the oceans.
d plastic waste reacts with both acids and bases.

38 substance x and four known substances, p, q, r and s, are analysed by chromatography.

the chromatogram produced is shown.

0 q

0
0
0

0 0

xx p q r &
which statement about x is correct?
a litis a mixture of pr qand s.
b_ it contains p and s only.
c it contains p, s and another unknown substance.
d_itis a mixture of q, rand s.

39 copper is insoluble in water.
copper(ii) oxide is a solid that is insoluble in water but reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid.
which method is used to separate copper from a mixture of copper and copper(ii) oxide?
a dissolve the mixture in water then filter
b_ dissolve the mixture in water then crystallise
c_ react the mixture with dilute hydrochloric acid then filter
d_ react the mixture with dilute hydrochloric acid then crystallise

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