chemistry

1. which row describes the arrangement and motion of the particles in a liquid?
| arnsement [atin |
a random and particles are touching moving slowly
b random with space between all particles moving slowly
cc an ordered lattice with all particles touching moving slowly
d an ordered lattice with space between all particles moving quickly

2 which gas has the lowest rate of diffusion at room temperature and pressure?
a _ the gas produced when ammonium chloride is heated with aqueous sodium hydroxide
b_ the gas which makes up approximately 78% of clean, dry air
c_ the gas produced when sodium carbonate is added to dilute hydrochloric acid
d_ the gas produced when zinc is added to dilute sulfuric acid

3 which diagram represents one helium atom?
a b cc d
o key
@ = proton
o = neutron
° 7 © "9 68 o = electron
o

4 the diagram shows part of an ionic lattice structure.
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which compound does the diagram represent?
a _ potassium bromide
b sodium oxide
c magnesium chloride
d_ carbon monoxide

5 which statement about nitrogen molecules and ethene molecules is correct?
a_ anitrogen molecule has 2 more shared electrons than an ethene molecule.
b_ anethene molecule has 3 more shared electrons than a nitrogen molecule.
c_ anitrogen molecule has 4 more shared electrons than an ethene molecule.
d_ anethene molecule has 6 more shared electrons than a nitrogen molecule.

6 sulfur is a simple molecule with the formula ss.
which row describes and explains the melting point of sulfur?
a high the covalent bonds between sulfur atoms are strong
b high the covalent bonds between sulfur molecules are strong
cc low the forces of attraction between sulfur atoms are weak
d low the forces of attraction between sulfur molecules are weak

7 which row identifies a property and an explanation of the property for both diamond and
silicon(iv) oxide?
| | property explanation of property
a very hard diamond has a giant covalent structure and
silicon(iv) oxide has a giant ionic structure
b high melting point both have giant covalent structures with
many strong bonds between the atoms
cc good lubricant both have layers of atoms,
which can slide over each other
d poor conductor both contain only non-metal
elements and are simple molecules

8 which statement about the structure of metals explains why metals are malleable?
a_ the electrons can move freely throughout the lattice.
b_ the layers of metal ions can slide over each other.
c_ the metal ions are positively charged.
d_ there is a strong force of attraction between the metal ions and the electrons.

9 what is the formula of iron(iii) oxide?
a feo b fe30,4 cc feq2 d fe203

10 calcium carbonate is heated. calcium oxide and carbon dioxide gas are formed.
the equation for the reaction is shown.
caco; > cao + co,
225 kg of calcium carbonate is heated until there is no further change in mass.
the yield of calcium oxide is 85kg.
what is the percentage yield?
a 37.8% b 47.2% c 67.5% d 85.0%

11 the apparatus used for electrolysis is shown.
d.c. power
supply
& ly —— electrodes
la) electrolyte
which statement is correct?
a copper forms at the anode in some electrolysis reactions.
b_ hydrogen forms at the cathode in some electrolysis reactions.
c oxygen forms at the cathode in some electrolysis reactions.
d sodium forms at the anode in some electrolysis reactions.

12 which statement about the electrolysis of aqueous copper(ii) sulfate is correct?
a when copper electrodes are used, the solution turns from blue to colourless.
b when graphite electrodes are used, bubbles of gas are formed at the cathode.
c when copper electrodes are used, the anode gets smaller.
d when graphite electrodes are used, the colour of the solution does not change.

13 which statement describes an advantage of using a hydrogen—oxygen fuel cell in a car compared
to a gasoline engine?
a_ the hydrogen is difficult to store.
b_ the hydrogen is highly flammable.
c_ the hydrogen used is made from hydrocarbons.
d_ the only chemical product is water.

14 two reaction pathway diagrams are shown.
which arrow represents the activation energy for a reaction which releases thermal energy?
a
energy energy c
b d
progress of reaction progress of reaction

15 which statements about the haber process are correct?
1 ahigh temperature is used because the reaction is slow at room temperature.
2 a high pressure is used because there are more moles of gaseous reactants than
moles of gaseous product.
3 anickel catalyst is used to increase the rate of reaction.
4  aniron catalyst is used to increase the equilibrium yield of ammonia.
a 1and2 b iand4 c 2and3 d 4only

16 which substance is a raw material used to manufacture sulfuric acid?
a vanadium(v) oxide
b © sulfur
c sulfur dioxide
d © sulfur trioxide

17 which colours are seen when litmus and methyl orange are added to separate samples of
aqueous sodium hydroxide?
[tras [mettre |
a blue orange
b blue yellow
cc purple orange
d purple yellow

18 information about the solubility in water of four oxides is shown.
which oxide, when added to water, gives a solution with a ph less than ph 7?
a nitrogen dioxide soluble
b copper(ii) oxide insoluble
cc silicon(iv) oxide insoluble
d barium oxide soluble

19 copper(ii) sulfate is made when copper(ii) carbonate reacts with dilute sulfuric acid.
cuco3 + h2so4 — cuso, + h20 + coz

pure copper(ii) sulfate crystals are obtained.

which reagent is in excess and how are the crystals obtained?

| | reagent in excess how the crystals are obtained
a copper(ii) carbonate filter and evaporate the solution to dryness
b copper(ii) carbonate filter, evaporate the solution to crystallising point and then cool
cc dilute sulfuric acid evaporate the solution to dryness
d dilute sulfuric acid evaporate the solution to crystallising point and then cool

20 which statement about elements in group | or group vii of the periodic table is correct?
a_ bromine reacts with potassium chloride to produce chlorine.
b __lodine is a monatomic non-metal.
c lithium has a higher melting point than potassium.
d sodium is more reactive with water than potassium.

21 some information about an element from group vii of the periodic table is shown.

melting point/°c —7
boiling point/°c 59

what is the element?

a fluorine

b_ chlorine

c_ bromine

d_ iodine

22 manganese(iv) oxide, mnoz, is a black solid.
the equation for the reaction between manganese(iv) oxide and dilute hydrochloric acid is
shown.
mnoz + 4hcl > mncl2z + 2h20 + cl,
the reaction produces a pale pink solution.
which properties of transition elements does this reaction show?
1 they can act as catalysts.
2 they form coloured compounds.
3. they have high melting points.
4 they have variable oxidation numbers.
a iand3 b 1and4 c 2and3 d 2and4

23 part of a steel ship is protected from rusting using a sacrificial metal.
what is a suitable sacrificial metal?
a copper
b zinc
c silver
d_ potassium

24 which row gives a use for the named metal and two properties which both explain this use?
a aluminium aircraft construction high density resistant to
corrosion
b copper electrical wiring good electrical ductile
conductivity
cc aluminium food containers resistant to not malleable
corrosion
d copper aircraft construction malleable low density

25 the apparatus used for the extraction of aluminium by electrolysis is shown.
carbon
anode
) ®
carbon lining slutioncat
eutieee ef aluminium oxide
in molten cryolite
molten aluminium
which equation represents the reaction at the anode?
a o+ 2e > of
b 207 - 0, + 4e
cc al* > al + 3e
d al* + 3e > al

26 which gas is both an element and present in clean, dry air?
a argon
b_ carbon dioxide
c_ chlorine
d_ water vapour

27 oxides of nitrogen formed in a car’s engine are removed using a catalytic converter.
what happens to the oxides of nitrogen in the catalytic converter?
a they are hydrated.
b_ they are neutralised.
c_ they are oxidised.
d_ they are reduced.

28 what is the equation for photosynthesis?
a 6coz + 6h20 - cehi20¢ + 602
b 2coz + 2h20 - 2c2hs0h + 302
c cehi206 > 2coz + 2c2h50h
d c,hso0h + 302 + 2co2 + 3h20

29 four statements about members of the same homologous series are listed.
1 they have the same volatility.
2 they have the same molecular formula.
3. they have the same functional group.
4 they have the same general formula.
which statements are correct?
a iand2 b 1and4 c 2and3 d 3and4

30 ethene reacts with steam to produce ethanol.
which row describes each compound?
[ations | otanat |

a saturated saturated
b saturated unsaturated
cc unsaturated saturated
d unsaturated unsaturated

31 which process is used to make an alkene from a long-chain alkane?
a combustion
b_ condensation
c_ cracking
d polymerisation

32 which fraction obtained from petroleum has the lowest boiling point?
a diesel oil
b fuel oil
c_ kerosene
d_ naphtha

33 alkanes undergo substitution reactions with chlorine in the presence of ultraviolet light.
which equation shows a reaction of this type?
a c3he + clz —- c3h6cl2
b cs3hs + clz > c3hgcl2 + ho
c cs3hsg + clz > c3h7cl + hcl
d c3he + clz > c3hscl + hcl

34 information about two reactions of ethene is listed.
e reaction 1 requires a nickel catalyst.
e reaction 2 requires an acid catalyst.
which substance reacts with ethene in each reaction?
[| reaeton 1 [easton |
a bromine steam
b bromine hydrogen
cc hydrogen bromine
d hydrogen steam

35 which process converts ch3;ch2oh to ch;cooh?
a bacterial oxidation
b_ fermentation
c catalytic addition of steam
d_ catalytic addition of hydrogen

36 the structure of an ester is shown.
h h o h h
wit tot ly
af ae
which row identifies the name of the ester and the two compounds from which it is made?
[rane [compen [compoune2
a ethyl propanoate ethanol propanoic acid
b ethyl propanoate propanol ethanoic acid
cc propyl ethanoate ethanol propanoic acid
d propyl ethanoate propanol ethanoic acid

37 which statements about monomers or polymers are correct?
1 monomers are always joined together by addition reactions.
2 a polymer can be formed from a single type of monomer.
3 a polymer can be formed by joining two different types of monomer.
4 water is always produced when monomer molecules join together.
a iand2 b 1and4 c 2and3 d 3and4

38 the diagram shows the structure of a naturally occurring polymer, q.
h (e) h [e)
a
p|
what is q?
a anamino acid
b_ nylon
c_ aprotein
d pet

39 which row shows how the boiling point and the melting point of water change when a soluble
impurity is added to the water?
[ [toting pnt | metin pit
a increases increases
b decreases decreases
cc increases decreases
d decreases increases

40 xis a white powder. the following tests are done on x.
e when a few drops of aqueous sodium hydroxide are added to a solution of x, no
precipitate is seen.
e when x is heated with aqueous sodium hydroxide, no gas is formed.
e xgives a lilac colour when put into a flame.
e when acidified aqueous silver nitrate is added to a solution of x, a yellow precipitate
is seen.
what is x?
a ammonium bromide
b ammonium iodide
c_ potassium bromide
d potassium iodide

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