economics

1. economists describe resources as being ‘scarce’.
what must be a consequence of scarce resources?
a production will cause external costs
b relative poverty will gradually increase
c sustainable development will take place
d_ wants will exceed productive capacity

2 the diagram shows the production possibility curve (ppc) for an economy producing consumer
goods and capital goods.
n
consumer
goods
m aia:
oo g h j
capital goods
the economy is currently producing om consumer goods and og capital goods. it decides to
increase production of capital goods to oh.
what is the opportunity cost of this decision in terms of consumer goods?
a jg b ml cc mn d nl

3 a hospital has spent all of its budget allocated for employing doctors.
what is the opportunity cost to the hospital of employing an extra doctor?
a areduction in the number of nurses employed
b animprovement in the recovery rate of patients
c_anincrease in the number of patients treated
d the salary paid to the extra doctor

4 there has been an increase in the demand for wheat. this has led to an increase in the demand
for labour to harvest the wheat.
which branch of economics covers these two concepts?
: ‘ increase in the
increase in the
demand for labour
demand for wheat
to harvest wheat
a macroeconomics macroeconomics
b macroeconomics microeconomics
cc microeconomics macroeconomics
d microeconomics microeconomics

5 inthe united kingdom (uk), the price of timber used in house building increased. this was because
of a boom in the uk house building industry and a shortage of drivers to deliver the timber.
what happened in the uk market for timber to cause this price increase?
a shifted left shifted left
b shifted left shifted right
cc shifted right shifted left
d shifted right shifted right

6 what does a supply curve show?
a_ a firm will supply more when consumers’ purchasing power increases.
b_ the higher the price, the fewer goods are supplied as costs of production increase.
c_ the lower the price, the more profit is made by the firm.
d_ there is a positive relationship between quantity supplied and price.

7 aglobal pandemic causes the demand for air travel to decrease.
which value for the price elasticity of supply of air travel will cause the number of tickets for air
travel to fall the most?
a 0 b 0.5 cc 1 d 15

8 what is a disadvantage of a market economy?
a not enough competition
b_ not enough merit goods
c  noconsumer choice
d - state intervention

9  droughts in some countries caused the supply of wheat to fall. wheat prices then rose providing
an opportunity for wheat producers in other countries to increase supply.
why might the price of wheat continue to be high in the year following the drought?
a __ different weather conditions allowed a bumper harvest.
b suppliers unaffected by drought failed to increase output.
c_ the government introduced a subsidy to wheat producers.
d_ the wheat market returned to its original equilibrium.

10 newly built houses tend to be inelastic in supply. a government aim is to make the supply more
elastic by relaxing building regulations.
why is the government not likely to achieve this aim immediately?
a banks will only lend to high-income earners.
b_ costs of building materials fluctuate according to season.
c_ houses take a long period of time to be built.
d_ population increases lead to greater housing demand.

11. aperson planning for old age saves in the form of money rather than goods.
which function does money perform when this is done?
a medium of exchange
b _ standard of deferred payment
c _ store of value
dunit of account

12 what is not normally a function of the central bank of a country?
a acting as lender of last resort
b__ issuing notes and coins
c_ operating the government monetary policy
d setting the government budget

13 what is a trade union most likely to protect?
a | the profit of a firm
b _ the rights of a group of workers
c the satisfaction of consumers
d the social welfare of everybody

14 aperson sets up a street food stall.
what is necessary for the food stall to survive in the long run?
[sen tb
a no no
b no yes
c yes no
d yes yes

15 a large privately owned firm is the sole supplier of electricity to a city.
which combination of characteristics is likely to exist for this firm?
| barriers to entry long-run profit
a high high price maker
b high low price taker
cc low high price maker
d low low price taker

16 when a firm produces 200 units, its total variable cost is $600 and its total fixed cost is $2000.
what is the average cost at this output?
a $3 b $10 cc $13 d $2600

17 the government of country z announces a forecast budget deficit of $234 billion, as part of its fiscal
policy.
what is the effect of this forecast budget deficit likely to be?
a adecrease in economic growth
b~ adecrease in inflation
c_anincrease in employment
d_anincrease in unemployment

18 low-income groups do not pay income tax but are able to use state-provided healthcare services.
what does this illustrate?
a monetary policy
b privatisation
c_ redistribution of income
d_ regressive taxation

19 the government uses monetary policy and reduces the interest rate.
what might be a consequence of this?
a adecrease in the rate of inflation
b_anincrease in the level of investment
c_anincrease in the level of savings
d_anincrease in unemployment

20 what is a likely objective of supply-side policy?
a __ improving productive potential
b _ increasing direct taxation
c increasing the power of trade unions
d promoting the public sector

21 an increase in which economic indicator best describes economic growth?
a general price level
b level of consumption
c level of output
d living standards

22 what is full employment considered to be?
a nocyclical unemployment
b no frictional unemployment
c no private sector unemployment
d no seasonal unemployment

23 which group is most likely to benefit during a period of rapid inflation?
a exporters
b pensioners
c_ people with debts
d savers

24 what are the components of the human development index (hdi)?
a life expectancy at birth, expected years of schooling, gross national income (gni)
b life expectancy at birth, expected years of schooling, gross national income (gni) per head
c population growth, adult literacy rate, gross national income (gni) per head
d population size, expected years of schooling, number of doctors per head

25 which situation must produce an ageing population?
a .afalling birth rate and a falling death rate
b arising birth rate and a rising death rate
c_ arising marriage rate and a falling death rate
da falling marriage rate and a rising death rate

26 the table shows the unemployment rate in three developed economies in one year.
unemployment
rate %

united states 7.6

sweden 8.2

france 10.9
what is the main cause of high rates of unemployment in developed economies in periods of
recession?
a decreases in total demand
b = movement of labour between countries
c_ reduced levels of technological change
d regional inequalities of wealth

27 what is most likely to result from an extension of specialisation in manufacturing?
a __ for the consumer some prices will be reduced
b for the country there will be less dependency on international trade
c for the employee the work will become more varied
d for the producer there will be less efficiency

28 acountry imposes a tariff on an imported product.
what is the effect of this change?
the price of the ite saa gf the
: product imported
product increases cer
is fixed
a no no
b no yes
c yes no
d yes yes

29 the world demand for oil is price-inelastic and oil is paid for in us dollars.
if the price of oil falls rapidly, how might it affect the us dollar?
oo

a greater demand for us$ increases
b greater supply of us$ decreases
cc less demand for us$ decreases
d less supply of us$ increases

30 which benefit do multinational companies (mncs) bring to their home country?
a _ flow of profits
b higher wages
c_ increased employment
d- more investment

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