physics

34 a magnesium ion has a double positive charge and a chloride ion has a single negative charge.
which statement is correct?
a_ achlorine atom gains an electron to form the chloride ion.
b~ achlorine atom loses a proton to form the chloride ion.
c amagnesium atom loses an electron to form the magnesium ion.
d amagnesium atom gains two electrons to form the magnesium ion.

18 waves in a ripple tank are diffracted as they pass through a narrow gap.
what can be done to make the spreading due to diffraction greater?
a_ decrease the frequency of the waves and keep the speed constant.
b_ decrease the speed of the waves and keep the frequency constant.
c_ increase the frequency of the waves and keep the speed constant.
d increase the frequency of the waves and decrease the speed.

2 which statement about a falling object accelerating close to the earth’s surface is correct?
a_ the weight of the object is increasing and the force of air resistance on the object is
decreasing.
b_ the weight of the object and the force of air resistance on the object are of equal magnitude,
but act in opposite directions.
c_ the weight of the object is constant, but the force of air resistance on the object is increasing.
d_ the weight of the object is less than the force of air resistance.

3 an aircraft is moving at 60 m/s in a northerly direction when a cross-wind from the east starts to
blow. the speed of the wind is 13 m/s.
what is the magnitude of the aircraft's velocity when the wind is blowing?
a 47m/s b 59m/s c 61m/s d 73m/s

19 diagram 1 shows the page of a book in front of a plane mirror.

an eye is looking at the image of the page.

diagram 2 shows a large letter g on the page facing the mirror.

diagram 1 diagram 2
x ny
plane mirror eye g
of book
what is the appearance of the image of g seen by the eye?
a b cc d

20 the diagram shows a ray of light passing from air into diamond.
air 60°
di d
iamon 79°
what is the refractive index of the diamond?
a 0.89 b 1.1 c 24 d 25

21 the ray diagrams show the formation of an image by two different converging lenses.
diagram 1 diagram 2

which row describes the images produced?

[een | dagram2
a real real
b real virtual
cc virtual real
d virtual virtual

35 which row correctly describes an example of radioactive decay?
original — change or
emission
nucleus no change of element
a stable y change of element
b unstable a change of element
cc unstable a no change of element
d unstable b no change of element

29 inthe circuit shown, resistor x has twice the resistance of resistor y.
l
l
¥/

which statement about the circuit is correct?
a_ the current in the cell is greater than the current in x.
b_ the current in x is greater than the current in y.
c_ the potential difference (p.d.) across the cell is greater than the p.d. across x.
d_ the p.d. across x is greater than the p.d. across y.

30 a 40 resistor and an 8q resistor are connected in series with a power supply.
a voltmeter connected across the 8q resistor reads 36 v.
what is the voltmeter reading when it is connected across the 4 resistor?
a 12v b 18v cc 72v d 108v

31 a metal rod, xy, is placed in a magnetic field so that it is perpendicular to the field, as shown.

x
y

in which direction is the rod moved so that there is an induced current from y to x?

a left to right

bright to left

c into the paper, away from the observer

d out of the paper, towards the observer

32 the diagram shows a basic electric motor.
xx
a
an
hs
pax]
¥ zz
what are the names of the features?
ee ee ee ee ee
a axle battery brushes
b coil brushes commutator
cc generator wires transformer
d solenoid connectors switch

4 two rectangular blocks consist of different materials.

four different methods are suggested to compare the two masses.
1 compare the accelerations with which they fall freely.
2 compare the values of their lengths x breadths x heights.
3 hang each in turn from the same spring. compare the extensions.
4 place one in the right-hand pan of a beam balance and the other in the left-hand

pan.
which methods give a comparison of the two masses?
a 1,2and3 b jiand2only c 3and4only d 4only

5 an object in a space probe above the earth weighs 3.5n. the gravitational field strength at the
height of the space probe is 7.0 n/kg.
the gravitational field strength on the earth’s surface is 9.8 n/kg.
what are the mass and the weight of the object on the earth’s surface?
a 0.50 3.5
b 0.50 4.9
cc 2.0 3.5
d 2.0 20

33 two transformers, p and q, each have 2000 turns on their primary coils and 1000 turns on their
secondary coils. both transformers are 100% efficient.
the secondary of transformer p is connected to the primary of transformer q.
q provides a motor with a current of 0.2a.
what is the current being supplied to the primary of transformer p?
a 0.8a b 04a c o0.1a d 0.05a

11. some altimeters use the change in air pressure to measure height.
if the pressure is 100 kpa at sea level on a particular day, what will the pressure be at the top of
an 830 m hill?
(take the density of air to be constant at 1.3kg/m*.)
a 1.1kpa b 11kpa c 89kpa d 110kpa

12 water can exist in three states: solid (ice), liquid (liquid water) and gas (steam).
in which states is the motion of the water particles only vibrational?
a liquid water and ice
b liquid water only
c ice only
d_ steam only

6 acyclist is travelling in a straight line along a horizontal road at a constant speed.
a constant driving force f acts on the cyclist in the forward direction shown.
&b
f yr
eac):
ay fs

which statement about the magnitude of the frictional forces acting on the cyclist is correct?
a the magnitude is equal to f.
b_ the magnitude is smaller than f, but greater than zero.
c_ the magnitude is greater than f.
d_ the magnitude is zero.

7 a spring has an unstretched length of 3.0cm. when a force of 60n is applied to the spring, its
length increases to 5.0cm. the limit of proportionality is not exceeded.
what is the spring constant of the spring?
a 7.5n/cm b 12n/cm c 20n/cm d 30n/cm

22 white light enters a glass prism. the light leaving the other side of the prism is separated into
colours.
glass glass
prism prism
white 3 white rae
light “xs colour 1 light a. colour 4
“colour 2 *colour 2
diagram 1 diagram 2
which row correctly describes what happens?
path taken
| by the light colour 1 colour 2
a diagram 1 red violet
b diagram 1 violet red
cc diagram 2 red violet
d diagram 2 violet red

23 thermal radiation is part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
what is the name of this region of the spectrum?
a gamma rays
b infrared
c ultraviolet
d visible light

13 acube has sides 2.0m long. the cube contains a gas at a pressure of 8000 n/m’.
bs m

- gas
a second cube has sides 4.0m long. this cube contains the same mass of the same gas as the
first cube, at the same temperature.

m

; “pst

what is the pressure of the gas in the second cube?
a 1000n/m? b 4000n/m? cc 16000n/m* d_ 64000n/m?*

16 the diagram shows the view of a room heated by a radiator. the arrowed line from x to y is the
path of the convection current in the air.
ceiling
s . y
| radiator fear
b a]
which row about the air temperature and the air density at x and at y is correct?
[| attemerture [ar densiy |
a higher at x higher at x
b higher at x higher at y
cc higher at y higher at y
d higher at y higher at x

8 the diagram shows the minimum force f; acting vertically on a lever required to lift a heavy log of
weight w.
lever
pivot f
log ;
(6
ww
the log needs to be lifted by a smaller force than f,. the diagrams show the changes tried. each
diagram has only one change from the original diagram. in each case, f2 is the minimum force
required to lift the log.
p q
lever lever
yf, a,
pivot pivot qf
log log
oz c46
w increasing the length of the w applying the force
lever to the right of the pivot perpendicular to the lever
r
lever
pivot a f
ve
“oo
w increasing the distance
from the log to the pivot
in which situations will f. be smaller than f,?
a p,qandr b pandqonly c_ ponly d qand r only

9 a ball of mass 0.25kg hits a wall at a speed of 16m/s. it then rebounds back along its original
path at a speed of 12m/s.
what is the impulse experienced by the ball during its impact with the wall?
a 1.0ns b 3.0ns c 40ns d 7.0ns

11 an object is a depth h below the surface of a liquid. the pressure due to the liquid at this depth is
p. the gravitational field strength is g.
what is the density ¢ of the liquid?
h g hg

12 brownian motion is the random motion of particles.
in which states of matter is brownian motion observed?
a _sgases, liquids and solids
b_sgases and liquids only
c_ gases and solids only
d liquids and solids only

13 the volume of a fixed mass of gas is varied. the temperature remains constant.
which graph shows how the pressure p of the gas varies with volume v?
a b cc d
p p p p
0 0 } 0
0 v 0 v 0 1 0 all
vv vv

10 a bicycle braking system transfers energy from a kinetic energy store to an internal energy store.
a motor converts energy from a chemical energy store (battery) to a kinetic energy store.
what enables these energy transfers?
braking system motor
a electrical work mechanical work
b electrical work electrical work
cc mechanical work mechanical work
d mechanical work electrical work

24 a remote-controlled vehicle is travelling on the surface of a planet. the vehicle senses an
obstacle ahead. it sends a radio message to the control room from where it is being controlled.
the control room is 2.4 x 10°km away from the vehicle. the control room sends a message back
to the vehicle telling it to stop.

what is the minimum time that elapses between the vehicle sensing the obstacle and receiving
the message back from the control room?
a 8.0ms b 16ms c 80s d 16s

25 which statement about the direction of a magnetic field at a point is correct?
a_litis the direction of the force on an n pole placed at that point.
b__itis the direction of the force on an s pole placed at that point.
c_itis the direction of the force on a positive charge placed at that point.
d_itis the direction of the force on a negative charge placed at that point.

26 a student draws graphs of an a.c. supply and a d.c. supply.
w kh | tt | 7 ty,
gi | ff 4 of i
ao} jf | fh]
a 2 a |
pat atta
pt tt ey
which row shows the correct labels for w, x and y?
[tater | a sunaiy | ae sot |
a time x ¥
b time y x
cc voltage x ¥
d voltage ¥ x

27 a resistor transfers 100 j of energy when a charge of 10c flows through it.
what is the potential difference across the resistor?
a 0.10v b 10v cc 10w d 1000w

28 wire x and wire y are made from the same metal.
the table gives information about the two wires.
length cross-sectional resistance
/m area/mm? /q

wire x 1.0 0.40 2.0
wire y 13 0.30

what is the resistance of wire y?

a 0.310 b 0.780 c 2.10 d 3.50

29 the diagram shows two resistors used as a potential divider.
/ 5.0kq
=a
3.0v |
he «
the reading on the voltmeter is 1.8 v.
what is the resistance of the resistor r?
a 3.0kq b 3.3kq c 7.5kq d 13kq

7 a-small ball of mass 0.10kg travels horizontally at a speed of 600m/s. it strikes a stationary
wooden block of mass 1.9kg resting on a frictionless horizontal surface.
the ball stays in the block.
what is the speed of the ball and the block immediately after the impact?
a 30m/s b 32m/s c 60m/s d 130m/s

14 which row gives the correct name for each change of state shown?
[| aasto tit [tuto sot | sd oi
a condensation melting solidification
b condensation solidification melting
cc evaporation melting solidification
d evaporation solidification melting

11 research is being carried out to produce electrical energy from the fusion of hydrogen nuclei.
which row shows two of the problems in designing a fusion reactor?
temperature why obtaining a high density
needed of hydrogen nuclei is difficult
a very low the nuclei are negatively charged
and repel each other
b very low the nuclei are positively charged
and repel each other
[ey very high the nuclei are negatively charged
and repel each other
d very high the nuclei are positively charged
and repel each other

12 the engine of a motor vehicle develops a large power.
which statement is correct?
a the driving force acting on the vehicle must be large.
b_ the engine must have a very large volume.
c_ the engine must transfer large amounts of energy each second.
d_ the vehicle must be very fast.

8 an object taken underwater will be damaged if the total pressure acting on it is greater than
2.1 mpa.
what is the maximum depth that the object can be taken underwater before it breaks?
atmospheric pressure = 101000 pa
density of water = 1000 kg/m°
a 10.3m b 204m c 214m d 225m

9 a piece of solid metal melts to become a liquid.
how do the particles of metal or their behaviour change?
a they increase in size.
b they move around each other.
c they move much further apart.
d_ they vibrate more about their fixed positions.

10 brownian motion of particles is observed.
which statements describe the movement of the particles?
1 the particles all travel along a curved path.
2 the particles move randomly.
3. the particles all travel in the same direction.
a 1and3 b= 1 only c 2and3 d 2only

13 the graph shows how the pressure due to a liquid varies with the depth beneath the liquid
surface.
the gravitational field strength g is 9.8n/kg.
8000
pressure due to
the liquid/pa 6000
4000
2000
0
0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80
depth beneath the
liquid surface/m
what is the density of the liquid?
a 200kg/m? b  820kg/m° c 2000kg/m* d = 8200kg/m?

14 what is the lowest possible temperature (absolute zero) and what happens to the energy of
particles at this temperature?
lowest possible afficlecenen
temperature /°c. p gy
a -273 particles have least kinetic energy
b -273 particles have zero gravitational potential energy
cc 0 particles have least kinetic energy
d 0 particles have zero gravitational potential energy

15 which statement about the particles of a substance after condensation is correct?
a_ they are close to each other and slide over each other.
b_ they are close to each other and vibrate about fixed points.
c_ they are far apart from each other and vibrate about fixed points.
d_ they are far apart from each other and move freely within the container.

16 two otherwise identical cars, one black and one white, are at the same initial temperature. the
cars are left in bright sunshine and their temperatures increase. during the night, their
temperatures decrease.

which car shows the greater rate of temperature increase and which car shows the greater rate
of temperature decrease?
greater rate of greater rate of
temperature temperature
increase decrease
a black black
b black white
cc white black
d white white

14 liquid evaporates from a beaker.
what happens to the temperature of the remaining liquid and how does this temperature change
affect the rate of evaporation?
|_| treet | ait cton
temperature :
evaporation

a decreases decreases

b decreases increases

cc increases decreases

d increases increases

17 adrop of water from a tap falls onto the surface of some water of constant depth.
© view from above
water waves spread out on the surface of the water.
which statement is correct?
a_ the waves are longitudinal and travel at the same speed in all directions.
b_ the waves are longitudinal and travel more quickly in one direction than in others.
c_ the waves are transverse and travel at the same speed in all directions.
d_ the waves are transverse and travel more quickly in one direction than in others.

18 each point f is one focal length from the centre of the lens. each point 2f is two focal lengths
from the centre of the lens.
which diagram shows a converging lens being used as a magnifying glass?
a b
| f
wef sin ee xi
2f of image 2f of
image
cc i d
ls s&
image at -.__ | ti he
infinity = image | by, py
ne es i si ae
~ > | ~f\
2f of | 2f f |
parallel orn
rays

19 a monochromatic ray of green light in air enters a block of glass.
which property of the ray of light always remains the same as it moves from air to glass?
a wavelength
b_ speed
c frequency
d direction

20 a narrow beam of white light passes through a prism and is dispersed into a spectrum.
white .
light 3
which row is correct?
[[eeteurt [coeur [estou
a blue yellow red
b red blue yellow
cc red yellow blue
d yellow blue red

15 thermal energy ae is supplied to an object of mass m which does not change its state during the
heating process. the temperature of the object rises by at.
what is the specific heat capacity of the object?
a ae b mat cc aeat d aem
mat ae m at

21 a student writes four statements matching a communication system to the region of the
electromagnetic spectrum that it uses to transmit signals.
which statement is correct?
a_ wireless internet uses visible wavelengths.
b_ mobile phones use x-rays.
c_ cable television uses infrared wavelengths.
d bluetooth uses ultraviolet wavelengths.

22 aship sounds its horn when it is 790 m from a cliff. a passenger on the ship hears the echo 4.8s
later.
what is the speed of the sound?
a 165m/s b 330m/s c 340m/s d 1896m/s

23 which row gives the metal used to make the core of an electromagnet and one property of the
electromagnet?
[metal [propery
a iron permanent magnet
b iron temporary magnet
cc steel permanent magnet
d steel temporary magnet

24 aplastic rod and a dry cloth are uncharged.
the rod is now rubbed with the cloth and they both become charged. the rod becomes
negatively charged because some charged particles move from the cloth to the rod.
what is the charge on the cloth and which particles moved in the charging process?
charge particles
on cloth that moved
a negative electrons
b negative neutrons
cc positive electrons
d positive neutrons

25 a student does an experiment to investigate the resistance of a metal wire.

the graph shows the results from the experiment.

resistance ll

0
0 x

what is plotted on the x-axis?
a diameter of the wire
b length of the wire
c_ temperature of the wire
d current in the wire

26 the cost of electrical energy is $0.25 for each unit of 1kwh. a 2200 w heater is switched on for
48 minutes.
what is the cost of this use?
a $0.44 b_ $0.55 c $26 d $440

27 the table describes four different resistance wires. they are all made from the same metal.
which wire has the smallest resistance?
length of diameter of
wire/m wire/mm
a 2.0 1.0
b 2.0 1.5
cc 3.0 1.0
d 3.0 1.5

28 the circuit shown contains three switches and four lamps p, q, rand s.
/ switch 1
lamp p
)
switch 2 om a
qs)
eae r
ls)
switch 3
lamp s
6)
which switches must be closed to light only lamps p and r?
a switch 1 only
b switch 1 and switch 2
c_ switch 1 and switch 3
d switch 2 and switch 3

29 the diagram shows the magnetic field around a solenoid carrying an electric current.
magnetic field
cen)
what happens to the strength of the magnetic field and the distance between the field lines when
the current is increased?
strength of distance between
magnetic field field lines
a decreases decreases
b decreases increases
cc increases decreases
d increases increases

30 the diagram shows a wire hanging freely between the poles of a magnet. there is a current in
the wire in the direction shown.
wire
s) n
current
the magnet and current cause a force to act on the wire.
in which direction does this force act?
a __ into the page (away from you)
bout of the page (toward you)
c to the left
d to the right

31 which component forms part of a d.c. motor but not a simple moving coil a.c. generator?
a the coil
b_ the brushes
c_ the magnet
d the split-ring commutator

32 a transformer has 5500 turns on the primary coil and 500 turns on the secondary coil.
the output of the secondary coil is 110v a.c. and is connected to a heater. the transformer is
100% efficient.
the heater produces a power of 132 w.
what is the current in the primary coil?
a 0.11a b 0.12a cc 11a d 12a

33 the scattering of alpha-particles from a thin gold foil produces the following observations.

e most of the alpha-particles pass through the foil.
e most of the alpha-particles are virtually undeflected.
e asmall fraction of the alpha-particles are deflected through large angles.
e avery small fraction of the alpha-particles bounce back from the foil.

which conclusion does not follow from these observations?

a most of the mass of the gold atom is in its nucleus.

b_ most of the atom is empty space.

c_ the nucleus consists of protons and neutrons.

d_ the nucleus must be charged.

34 a nuclide of chlorine has the symbol shown.
17cl
what is the nucleon number of this nuclide of chlorine?
a 17 b 18 c 35 d 52

35 which change is occurring in a nucleus during b-emission?
a anelectron and a neutron become one proton.
b_ anelectron and a proton become one neutron.
c a neutron becomes one proton and one electron.
d a proton becomes one neutron and one electron.

11 a fixed mass of air in a cylinder is compressed by a piston so that the volume of the air
decreases at constant temperature.
how do the air particles now collide with the cylinder walls?
a less often with a greater velocity
b less often with the same velocity
c_ more often with a greater velocity
d_ more often with the same velocity

12 the diagram shows a quantity of gas trapped in a cylinder. the piston is pushed in slowly and the
gas is compressed. the temperature of the gas does not change.
[= re ~+—— piston pushed in
piston
which graph shows the relationship between the pressure and the volume of the gas?
a b
pressure pressure le
0 0
0 volume 0 volume
cc d
pressure pressure
0 0
0 volume 0 volume

13 the liquid level in a thermometer rises when the thermometer is placed in hot water.
what causes this?
a the liquid contracts.
b_ the liquid evaporates.
c_ the liquid expands.
d_ the liquid freezes.

15 which statements about evaporation of water are correct?
1 evaporation causes the remaining liquid to cool.
2 during evaporation, the more energetic particles escape from the surface of the
liquid.
3 evaporation only happens at 100°c.
a 1,2and3 b jiand2only c t1and3only d 2and3 only

16 some hot water is sealed inside a metal can. the can is in a vacuum in outer space. the hot
water slowly cools down.
how does the thermal energy escape into space?
a by conduction then convection
b_ by conduction then radiation
c by evaporation then convection
d by evaporation then radiation

17 the diagrams show graphs of displacement against time for four waves. all the graphs are drawn
to the same scale.
which wave has the largest amplitude and the highest frequency?
a b
displacement displacement
0 0
i time i time
cc d
displacement displacement
0 0
| time | time

18 the diagram shows a ray of light entering a glass block.
air | glass
25°
50°
which calculation gives the refractive index of the glass?
a big 40 b aif 40 cc al 50 d al 50
sin 25° sin 65° sin 25° sin 65°

19 an object o is placed at point p near to a thin converging lens. the diagram shows three rays
from the top of o passing through the lens. each point f is one focal length from the centre of the
lens. each point 2f is two focal lengths from the centre of the lens.

an
p 2f q ursa of
\ image

the object o is moved to point q on the diagram.
which type of image is produced when the object o is at point q?
a inverted and the same size as the object
b inverted and enlarged
c_ upright and the same size as the object
d_ upright and enlarged

20 which diagram shows the dispersion of white light by a glass prism?
a b
red vn red
cc d
fd red fd red

21 visible light has wavelengths in the range 4.0 x 10-’m to 7.0 x 10°’m.
what is the range of the frequencies of visible light?
a 0.12hz to 0.21 hz
b  120hz to 210hz
c 4.3.x 10"'hz to 7.5 x 10"hz
d 4.3 x 10“hz to 7.5 x 10 hz

22 student x fires a starting pistol which produces smoke and sound. student y is standing 100m
away and sees the smoke the instant it is produced. the speed of sound in air is 340 m/s.
what is the time delay between student y seeing the smoke and hearing the sound?
a 0.29s b 0.59s c 17s d 34s

23 an unmagnetised piece of soft iron is placed close to a strong permanent magnet, as shown.
permanent soft iron
magnet
what is the induced polarity of end x of the soft iron and in which direction does the magnetic
force act on the soft iron?
; direction of force

| | aie —_—

a n to the left

b n to the right

cc is) to the left

d ss to the right

24 aplastic rod is rubbed with a cloth.
plastic ae
[yz cloth
the rod and the cloth both become charged as electrons move between them.
the rod becomes negatively charged.
which diagram shows how the rod becomes negatively charged and shows the final charge on
the cloth?
a b
electron electron
pa za, movement pa zap movement
[fz final charge cpz final charge
on the cloth on the cloth
cc d
electron electron
la za movement pa. ca movement
ez final charge ez final charge
on the cloth on the cloth

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